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Table 3 Odds ratios of central obesity across levels of financial hardship in women and men (≥50 years) in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort

From: Socioeconomic status, financial hardship and measured obesity in older adults: a cross-sectional study of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort

 

Women

 

Model A

Model B: A + education

Model C: B + social class

Model D: C + housing tenure

Enough money for needs

More than enough

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Just enough

1.55 (1.31, 1.83)

1.48 (1.25, 1.75)

1.50 (1.26, 1.78)

1.50 (1.26, 1.78)

Less than enough

2.51 (1.99, 3.18)

2.37 (1.86, 3.00)

2.32 (1.82, 2.97)

2.16 (1.68, 2.78)

Frequency of not enough money

Never

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Seldom

1.33 (1.15, 1.53)

1.30 (1.13, 1.50)

1.29 (1.12, 1.49)

1.29 (1.11, 1.49)

Sometimes

1.49 (1.26, 1.77)

1.45 (1.22, 1.72)

1.44 (1.21, 1.71)

1.38 (1.15, 1.65)

Often/Always

1.76 (1.36, 2.29)

1.69 (1.30, 2.19)

1.65 (1.26, 2.15)

1.51 (1.15, 1.99)

Difficulty paying bills

None

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Very little

1.39 (1.21, 1.60)

1.38 (1.20, 1.59)

1.36 (1.18, 1.56)

1.36 (1.17, 1.57)

Slight

1.57 (1.26, 1.94)

1.55 (1.25, 1.92)

1.57 (1.26, 1.95)

1.50 (1.20, 1.87)

Some

1.74 (1.41, 2.15)

1.69 (1.37, 2.09)

1.68 (1.36, 2.08)

1.59 (1.28, 1.99)

Great/Very great

2.66 (1.73, 4.08)

2.55 (1.66, 3.92)

2.46 (1.59, 3.82)

2.34 (1.49, 3.67)

 

Men

 

Model A

Model B: A + education

Model C: B + social class

Model D: C + housing tenure

Enough money for needs

More than enough

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Just enough

1.19 (1.00, 1.42)

1.14 (0.96, 1.36)

1.16 (0.97, 1.39)

1.14 (0.95, 1.37)

Less than enough

1.76 (1.38, 2.25)

1.66 (1.30, 2.13)

1.69 (1.31, 2.17)

1.64 (1.26, 2.12)

Frequency of not enough money

Never

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Seldom

1.32 (1.13, 1.55)

1.30 (1.11, 1.52)

1.30 (1.11, 1.53)

1.30 (1.11, 1.53)

Sometimes

1.33 (1.08, 1.63)

1.29 (1.05, 1.58)

1.30 (1.06, 1.60)

1.26 (1.01, 1.56)

Often/Always

1.62 (1.20, 2.19)

1.58 (1.17, 2.13)

1.57 (1.16, 2.13)

1.51 (1.11, 2.07)

Difficulty paying bills

None

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Very little

1.14 (0.98, 1.33)

1.13 (0.97, 1.32)

1.14 (0.98, 1.34)

1.13 (0.96, 1.32)

Slight

1.25 (0.97, 1.61)

1.24 (0.97, 1.60)

1.25 (0.97, 1.61)

1.24 (0.96, 1.61)

Some

1.53 (1.19, 1.96)

1.50 (1.17, 1.93)

1.47 (1.14, 1.90)

1.35 (1.04, 1.77)

Great/Very great

1.48 (0.88, 2.49)

1.45 (0.86, 2.44)

1.53 (0.90, 2.59)

1.49 (0.87, 2.54)

  1. Sex-specific odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained by multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, marital status and smoking status. Central obesity for women (waist circumference, WC ≥ 88 cm) and for men (WC ≥ 102 cm). Final numbers (Model D) of women and men, respectively, for money (n = 5 533; n = 4 594); frequency of not enough money (n = 5 543; n = 4 597); difficulty paying bills (n = 5 549; n = 4 602).