Socio-economic inequality and HIV in South Africa

Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio for HIV prevalence (Model M1), HIV testing (Model M2) and HIV risk (Model M3) perception within social economic groups by background characteristics

	Model M1: HIV prevalence		Model M2: HIV testing		Model M3: HIV risk perception
	Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)	Std. err	Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)	Std. err	Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)	Std. err
Poor SEI	(n = 3,190)		(n = 3,947)		(n = 3,933)
Sex: Female vs. Male	2.21***	0.30	2.81***	0.28	1.59***	0.14
Race: Blacks vs. Other Races	7.92***	2.38			2.74***	0.63
Geographical Location (Urban Formal^a)
Urban Informal
Rural Informal	0.66**	0.12	0.75**	0.10
Rural Formal					1.44**	0.27
Education (Secondary^a)
No schooling			0.35***	0.07
Less secondary			0.61***	0.08
Stigma Score: High vs. Low			0.76***	0.07	0.77***	0.07
Information Access: High vs. Low					0.75**	0.09
Middle SEI	(n = 3,726)		(n = 4,753)		(n = 4,748)
Sex: Female vs. Male	1.66***	0.30	1.71***	0.17	1.33**	0.15
Race: Blacks vs. Other Races	10.42***	2.50	0.83*	0.09	4.10***	0.65
Geographical Location (Urban Formal^a)
Urban Informal	1.61**	0.30			1.43*	0.27
Education (Secondary^a)
No schooling			0.24***	0.07
Less secondary			0.49***	0.05
Tertially	0.54*	0.18	1.77***	0.31
Stigma Score: High vs. Low	0.75*	0.12	0.76***	0.07
Information Access: High vs. Low	0.76*	0.12			0.68***	0.08
Upper SEI	(n = 1,926)		(n = 2,727)		(n = 2,728)
Sex: Female vs. Male			1.72***	0.24
Race: Blacks vs. Other Races	49.02***	27.68			5.72***	1.42
Geographical Location (Urban Formal^a)
Urban Informal			2.87*	1.65
Education (Secondary^a)
No schooling			0.23*	0.19
Less secondary	2.10*	0.84	0.40***	0.07
Tertially			2.26***	0.44	0.54*	0.19
Stigma Score: High vs. Low	0.42*	0.21	0.79*	0.11

^aReference group; ***significant at .1%; **significant at 1% ; *significant at 5%.