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Table 6 Demographic and socio-economic factors associated with current smoking*

From: Tobacco use patterns in tuberculosis patients with high rates of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in South Africa

Characteristic

Current smoker

Adjusted odds ratio

P-value

Ā 

n/N (row %)

(95% CI)**

Ā 

Sex

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒMale

378/1005 (37.6)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒFemale

42/919 (4.6)

0.10 (0.06-0.19)

<0.001

Age groups

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒ18-29Ā years

55/409 (13.5)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒ30-39Ā years

144/712 (20.2)

1.34 (0.89-2.02)

0.167

ā€ƒ40-49Ā years

145/502 (28.9)

1.66 (1.04-2.65)

0.035

ā€ƒ50-59Ā years

58/216 (26.9)

1.42 (0.80-2.51)

0.230

ā€ƒā‰„ 60Ā years

18/85 (21.2)

2.24 (1.50-3.35)

<0.001

Education

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPrimary schooling or less

156/533 (29.3)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒSome high school

198/852 (23.2)

0.88 (0.59-1.32)

0.537

ā€ƒCompleted high school or higher

61/532 (11.5)

0.57 (0.39-0.84)

0.004

Average monthly earnings in the household

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒZAR#1- ZAR500

143/522 (27.4)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒZAR501- ZAR2500

207/991 (20.9)

0.89 (0.60-1.32)

0.575

ā€ƒ>ZAR 2500

64/389 (16.5)

0.67 (0.36-1.27)

0.223 &

Employment status

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNot working

24/190 (12.6)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒUnemployed

118/665 (17.7)

1.58 (0.89-2.79)

0.115

ā€ƒOccasional work

80/218 (36.7)

2.82 (1.58-5.02)

<0.001

ā€ƒWorking full-time or part-time

189/825 (22.9)

1.58 (0.76-3.30)

0.220

Assets

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā‰¤3 assets

116/412 (28.2)

Not retained

Ā 

ā€ƒ4 assets

248/1209 (20.5)

in model

Ā 

ā€ƒ5-6 assets

51/294 (17.4)

Ā Ā 

Number of days hunger in past month

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒ0Ā days

351/1696 (20.7)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒ1-7Ā days

54/197 (27.4)

1.18 (0.81-1.71)

0.396

ā€ƒ>7Ā days

11/25 (44.0)

4.19 (2.42-7.25)

<0.001

Number of rooms

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā‰¤ 3 rooms

155/582 (26.6)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒ4 rooms

134/604 (22.2)

0.98 (0.78-1.24)

0.856

ā€ƒ5 rooms

50/262 (19.1)

0.75 (0.44-1.28)

0.291

ā€ƒ>5 rooms

77/468 (16.5)

0.65 (0.46-0.92)

0.014

Alcohol problem

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNo

207/1526 (13.6)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒYes

203/367 (55.3)

5.79 (3.24-10.34)

<0.001

Drug use

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNo

347/1804 (19.2)

1

Ā 

ā€ƒYes

60/76 (79.0)

10.81 (4.62-25.30)

<0.001

  1. *Variables entered in original model: sex, age category, drug use, alcohol problem, education level, hunger, number of rooms, household income, assets, employment category, interaction sex*education, sex*household income, sex*employment category, drug use*alcohol problem, sex*alcohol problem. Pearson Goodness of fit p-valueā€‰=ā€‰0.15;**Robust standard errors; &p-value <0.20 in model before adjustment for clustering, therefore retained in model, #ZARā€‰=ā€‰South African Rand.