Table 1 Comparisons of interviewer rating of the Krause, and the African American Health Neighborhood Assessment Scale (AAH NAS) items and scales
From: Observer ratings of neighborhoods: comparison of two methods
Krause five-item scale | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Items and scale | Categories/Range | Retest pairs n=120 | Catchment area comparison # | ||
Kappa+/ICC* | Adjusted Kappa+ | Inner city | Suburbs | ||
n=237 | n=332 | ||||
1. Condition of houses, buildings | All 5 items coded 1–4; Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor | 0.32 | NA | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ±0.6 |
2. Amount of noise | 0.26 | NA | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ±0.8 | |
3. Air quality | −0.17 | NA | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | |
4. Condition of street | 0.03 | NA | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | |
5. Condition of yards, sidewalks | 0.32 | NA | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ±0.7 | |
Total Rating Score (Items 1–5) Ѱ | Range 5–20 (observed range 5–16). 23.1% of scores were the minimum value of 5. | 0.19 | NA | 8.6 ± 2.6 | 7.5 ± 2.4 |
African American Health Neighborhood Assessment Items and Scales | |||||
Items and scales | Categories/Range | Retest pairs n=120 | Catchment area comparison | ||
Items that do not contribute to scores shown in italics | |||||
Kappa+/ICC* | Adjusted Kappa+ | Inner city | Suburbs | ||
Items rating entire street | n=237 | n=332 | |||
1. Volume of traffic | None, light, moderate, heavy (0–3) | 0.38 | NA | 0.96 ± 0.93 | 0.73 ± 0.79 |
2. Condition of street | Very good, moderate, fair, poor (0–3) | 0.09 | NA | 2.43 ± 0.72 | 2.37 ± 0.75 |
3. Amount of noise | Very, fairly quiet; somewhat, very noisy (0–3) | 0.24 | NA | 0.84 ± 0.81 | 0.53 ± 0.68 |
4. Smells | None, any (0,1) | --- | 0.97 | 1.3% | 3.3% |
5. Dirt or dust | None, any (0,1) | --- | 1.00 | 0.8% | 0.6% |
Items rated on block face of respondent’s residence | |||||
6. Abandoned car | None, any (0,1) | −0.03 | 0.88 | 5.1% | 2.7% |
7. Beer, liquor bottles | None, any (0,1) | 0.12 | 0.48 | 32.9% | 10.6% |
8. Cigarette, tobacco litter | None, any (0,1) | 0.12 | 0.13 | 74.3% | 45.8% |
9. Garbage, litter, broken glass | None, light, moderate heavy (0–3) | 0.33 | NA | 0.92 ± 0.82 | 0.48 ±0.64 |
10. Land use residential | None, any (0,1) | --- | 97.9% | 98.5% | |
10.a. Type (most) | Detached single family | 0.58 | 0.97 | 53.6% | 95.3% |
Private multi family | 25.0% | 0.0% | |||
Private apartments/townhouses | 16.1% | 4.7% | |||
Public housing | 5.4% | 0.0% | |||
10.b. Condition | Very well kept/good, moderately well kept, fair, poor/badly deteriorated (0–3) | 0.19 | NA | 0.88 ± 0.82 | 0.50 ± 0.68 |
10.c. Bars/grates on doors or windows | None, any (0,1) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 68.2% | 35.8% |
11. Land use commercial/ business/professional/industry | None, any (0,1) | 0.31 | 0.82 | 12.7% | 4.2% |
11.a. Condition | Very well kept/good/moderate; Fair/poor/deteriorated | −0.45 | −0.57 | 78.8% | 100% |
11.b. Security blinds, iron gates | (0,1) None, any (0,1) | 0.40 | −0.33 | 48.5% | 21.4% |
12. Land use institutions (schools, churches etc.) | None, any (0,1) | 0.11 | 0.82 | 8.4% | 2.7% |
13. Land use parks | None, any (0,1) | --- | 0.97 | 0.4% | 0.3% |
14. Land use playgrounds | None, any (0,1) | −0.01 | 0.95 | 0.8% | 0.6% |
15. Land use other recreational | None, any (0,1) | --- | 0.98 | 1.3% | 0.3% |
Summary of 13-15 | 0-3 | −0.02 | NA | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.01 ± 0.13 |
16. Condition of 13-15 | Very well kept/good, moderately well kept, fair, poor/badly deteriorated (0–3) | −0.01 | NA | 3.97 ± 0.33 | 3.96 ± 0.33 |
17. Graffiti | None, any (0,1) | −0.02 | 0.92 | 5.5% | 0.3% |
18. Neighborhood/Crime watch | None, any (0,1) | 0.01 | 0.66 | 9.7% | 10.9% |
19. Security warning signs | None, any (0,1) | 0.44 | 0.61 | 69.2% | 81.9% |
20. Tobacco advertisements | None, any (0,1) | −0.01 | 0.93 | 2.5% | 0.9 % |
21. Alcohol advertisements | None, any (0,1) | −0.01 | 0.97 | 3.0% | 1.5% |
22. Home “for sale” | None, any (0,1) | 0.15 | 0.62 | 13.5% | 16.0% |
Total 18-item Score (1–9, 10b, 10c, 13–15,17, 20–22) Ѱ | 0-28 (observed range 3–20) | 0.54 | NA | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 7.0 ± 3.2 |
Short 7-item Scale (1–3, 7–9, 10b) Ѱ | 0-17 (observed range 0–13). 11.5% of scores were the minimum value of 0. | 0.56 | NA | 5.2 ± 3.0 | 3.4 ± 2.8 |
Short 5-item Scale (3, 7–9, 10b) Ѱ | 0-11 (observed range 0–9) 19.7% were the minimum value of 0 | 0.62 | NA | 3.7 ± 2.2 | 2.1 ± 2.0 |