Table 6 The full IBM-WASH framework applied to the use of child potties
Levels | Contextual factors | Psychosocial factors | Technology factors |
|---|---|---|---|
Societal/Structural | Rainy and dry seasons and their effect on child defecation habits. Type of soil | Leadership / advocacy for use of child potties | Manufacturing capacity for child potties; national policies re: child defecation |
Community | Access to latrines, sewers, potable water in the community | Shared values, collective efficacy for community-wide use of potties | Availability and distribution of child potties in the community |
Interpersonal/Household | Household members and division of labour related to child-care and disposal of child faeces; condition of the latrine | Injunctive norms, descriptive norms for child potty use; responsibility for cleaning potty at household level | Sharing of access to product, modelling/demonstration of use of product |
Individual | Wealth, education and employment of caretaker of child; age and developmental stage of child and their effect on potty use | Self-efficacy for potty training of child and correct use of potty; knowledge of diarrheal diseases; disgust and perceived threat related to child faeces in the household or courtyard | Strengths and weaknesses of child potties for end-users; adaptation of design to respond to consumer preferences |
Habitual | Favourable environment for formation potty using habit, and regular emptying of potty; defecation away from home and its impact on habit formation | Existing habits for disposal of child faeces; outcome expectations: What is the expected outcome of consistent potty use by the child | Ease / Effectiveness of routine use of child potties, need for potty training; visible potty as cue to action for potty use |