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Table 4 Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of risk to progression to another state by risk factors, stepwise logistic regression (backwards elimination, significance level = 0.2)

From: Risk equations for the development of worsened glucose status and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Swedish intervention program

Risk factors

From state A to state B

Sex

Age

Education

Triglyceride

Blood pressure

BMI

Smoking

Physical activity

Snus

5 a day

Marital status

Family history

Reference (non-exposure)

Male

30 years

High

Normal

Normal

Under-weight/normal

Never

Physically active

No current use

At least 5 a day

Married or living with spouse

No Parents and/or siblings with T2D

NGT to IFG

0.75a (0.67-0.84)

1.01a (>1.00-1.02)

1.11a (1.03-1.21)

1.17a (1.02-1.33)

1.12 (0.99-1.28)

1.17a (1.03-1.27)

1.26a (1.18-1.35)

n.a.

0.92 (0.82-1.03)

n.a.

n.a.

1.21a (1.07-1.36)

n = 15 473

NGT to IGT

1.67a (1.41-1.97)

1.06a (1.05-1.07)

1.10 (0.98-1.23)

1.50a (1.24-1.81)

1.40a (1.18-1.67)

1.24a (1.11-1.39)

0.89a (0.80-0.98)

1.16a (>1.00-1.33)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1.16 (0.98-1.38)

n = 15 473

NGT to IFG&IGT

0.85 (0.67-1.08)

1.04a (1.03-1.06)

n.a.

1.22 (0.94-1.58)

1.83a (1.44-2.32)

1.66a (1.41-1.94)

n.a.

1.16 (0.95-1.42)

0.79 (0.59-1.05)

0.72 (0.52- > 1.00)

n.a.

1.37a (1.11-1.69)

n = 15 473

IFG to T2D

0.65a (0.45-0.92)

1.05a (1.02-1.09)

n.a.

1.35 (0.95-1.93)

1.85a (1.29-2.64)

1.78a (1.39-2.27)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1.58 (0.82-3.05)

1.43 (0.93-2.20)

1.66 (0.83-3.33)

n = 1 299

IGT to T2D

0.47a (0.28-0.80)

1.08a (1.03-1.13)

n.a.

1.76a (1.04-2.98)

1.42 (0.83-2.40)

1.65a (1.14-2.38)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2.39 (0.81-7.10)

n.a.

n.a.

n = 460

IFG&IGT to T2D

0.54 (0.24-1.23)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2.04a (1.20-3.45)

1.52 (0.88-2.63)

n.a.

n.a.

0.35 (0.08-1.43)

n.a.

2.40 (0.98-5.87)

n = 120

  1. a Statistically significant (5% significance level, Wald-test).
  2. Sex (1 = male, 2 = female), Education (1 = high, 2 = middle, 3 = low), Perceived health (1 = very good, pretty good, 2 = somewhat good, pretty bad, bad), Triglyceride (0 = normal (TG ≤ 1.69 mmol/l), 1 = high (TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/l)), Blood pressure (0 = normal (systolic blood pressure < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg and no self-reported anti-hypertensive drug), 1 = self-reported anti-hypertensive drug OR systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg OR diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg), BMI (1 = underweight/normal (≤ 25), 2 = overweight (25–29.9), 3 = obese/severely obese (≥ 30)), Smoking (1 = never, 2 = formerly, 3 = present), Physical activity (0 = physically active (exercise at least 2–3 times/week or walk and/or cycle more than 3 times/week during leisure time or walk or cycle to work more than 5 km per way), 1 = moderately active (do exercise now and then but not regularly or cycle and/or walk during their leisure time at least 2–3 times per week or cycle and/or walk to work 2–5 km each way), 2 = sedentary (never exercise or walk and/or cycle during their leisure time less than 2–3 times per week or take bus or car to work or cycle and/or walk to work less than 2 km per way), Snus (1 = no current use, 2 = maximal 4 cans/week, 3 = more than 4 cans/week), Alcohol (0 = no risk of harmful alcohol consumption, 1 = risk of harmful alcohol consumption), 5 a day (1 = at least five portions of fruits or vegetables per day, at 2 = less than five portions of fruits or vegetables per day), Marital status (1 = married or living with spouse, 2 = single or widowed or divorced), Family history (1 = no parents and/or siblings with T2D, 2 = parents and siblings with T2D).
  3. n.a. = variable was removed from logistic regression by backward elimination.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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