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Table 3 Regression analysis summary for smoking status and fruit & vegetable consumption with %HbA1c levels

From: Influence of smoking and diet on glycated haemoglobin and 'pre-diabetes’ categorisation: a cross-sectional analysis

a) Non-diabetics (HbA1c < 6.5%) (n = 5425)

Coef*

SE

p-value

Smoking status

0.027

0.004

<0.001

# cigarettes/day

0.047

0.005

<0.001

Vegetable intake

-0.009

0.004

0.008

Fruit intake

0.001

0.003

0.754

Fruit & vegetable intake

-0.002

0.002

0.236

b) High risk of diabetes (HbA1c 5.7%-6.4) (n = 1391)

   

Smoking status

0.050

0.004

0.201

# cigarettes/day

0.010

0.005

0.060

Vegetable intake

0.001

0.004

0.947

Fruit intake

0.004

0.003

0.170

Fruit & vegetable intake

0.002

0.002

0.292

c) Low risk of diabetes (HbA1c < 5.7%) (n = 4155)

   

Smoking status

0.017

0.003

<0.001

# cigarettes/day

0.031

0.005

<0.001

Vegetable intake

-0.005

0.003

0.092

Fruit intake

0.001

0.002

0.603

Fruit & vegetable intake

-0.001

0.002

0.605

c) Low risk of diabetes(HbA1c < 5.7%) & CRP < 28.5 nmol/L (n = 3172)

   

Smoking status

0.014

0.004

<0.001

# cigarettes/day

0.029

0.005

<0.001

Vegetable intake

-0.009

0.004

0.021

Fruit intake

0.002

0.003

0.546

Fruit & vegetable intake

-0.001

0.002

0.464

  1. *adjusted for age, sex, ethnic group, social class, physical activity level, CRP, BMI, waist circumference & year of study; adjusted for #cigarettes/day.