Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the population in total and according to smoking status

Age (years)

50.5 ± 16.9 (18.0-95.0)

49.0 ± 17.2 (18–95)

56.2 ± 16.0 (19–94)*

46.1 ± 15.3 (18–91)*

Sex (% Male)

45.2

42.6

49.0*

45.4*

Social class (% High^†)

43.2

50.6

44.2*

27.7*

Body mass index (kg/m²)

27.3 ± 4.8 (13.3-62.7)

27.3 ± 4.8 (15.2-53.3)

27.8 ± 4.5 (13.3-54.5)*

26.4 ± 5.1 (15.1-62.7)*

Waist circumference (mm)

91.6 ± 13.2 (54–152)

90.5 ± 13.2 (54–152)

93.8 ± 13.0 (60–152)*

89.8 ± 13.4 (58.5-147)

Physical activity (%Low)

30.7

28.1

33.7*

32.1*

HbA_1c (%)

5.4 ± 0.4 (2.8-6.4)

5.3 ± 0.4 (2.8-6.4)

5.4 ± 0.4 (3.8-6.4)*

5.4 ± 0.4 (2.9-6.4)*

(mmol/mol)

36 ± 4.4 (30.6-46)

34 ± 4.4 (30.6-46)

36 ± 4.4 (18–46)

36 ± 4.4 (31.7-46)

CRP (nmol/L)

33.3 ± 65.7 (1.9-971)

27.6 ± 55.2 (1.9-971)

36.2 ± 75.2 (1.9-95.4)*

40.9 ± 68.6 (1.9-762)*

Total fruit portions/d

2.0 ± 1.8 (0.0-20.0)

2.3 ± 1.8 (0.0-12.5)

2.2 ± 1.8 (0.0-10.5)

1.3 ± 1.7 (0.0-22.0)*

Total vegetable portions/d

1.3 ± 1.4 (0.0-22.0)

1.4 ± 1.3 (0.0-20.0)

1.4 ± 1.3 (0.0-15.3)

1.1 ± 1.3 (0.0-17.7)*

Total fruit & vegetable portions/d

3.4 ± 2.5 (0.0-31.4)

3.7 ± 2.4 (0.0-22.5)

3.6 ± 2.4 (0.0-25.3)

2.5 ± 2.4 (0.0-31.4)*