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Table 4 Correlates of financial catastrophe among households

From: Out-of-pocket healthcare payments on chronic conditions impoverish urban poor in Bangalore, India

Independent variables*

Odds ratio (95%CI) for incurring financial catastrophe at different thresholds

5%

10%

15%

20%

Poorest/first quintile

3.7 (2.8, 5)

3.7 (2.6, 5.3)

7.8 (4.5, 14.5)

47 (12.2, 397.2)

(Least poor/fifth quintile)

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05**

Below poverty line card holders

1.5 (1.1, 2)

1.9 (1.4, 2.6)

2.3 (1.6, 3.3)

2.7 (1.8, 4)

(Above poverty line card holders)

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

Government sector***

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

1 (0.8, 1.3)

1.2 (0.9, 1.7)

1.4 (1, 2)

(Private sector)

p=0.44

p=0.89

p=0.16

p=0.05

Super-specialty hospitals

1.9 (1.5, 2.4)

2.1 (1.6, 2.8)

2.3 (1.7, 3.2)

2.3 (1.6, 3.4)

(Clinics/Health centres)

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

Referral hospitals

1.6 (1.3, 1.9)

1.5 (1.2, 1.9)

1.6 (1.7, 3.2)

1.5 (1.1, 2.1)

(Clinics/Health centres)

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

Households with four or less members

1.5 (1.3, 1.8)

1.8 (1.5, 2.2)

2.2 (1.7, 2.8)

2.2 (1.7, 2.9)

(Households with more than four members)

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

p<0.05

  1. *Comparator is provided in the bracket. **Fisher exact p value. ***173 households whose members exhibited mixed health seeking behavior (i.e. using government as well as private sector as place for consultation) were dropped from the analysis.