Frequent alcohol drinking is associated with lower prevalence of self-reported common cold: a retrospective study

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Odds ratios for having had common cold in the previous year across alcohol intake frequency

	Frequency of alcohol intake (day/week)				P for trend^a
	0	≤3	4-6	7
≥1 common cold^b (cases/subjects)	91/149	177/294	91/169	139/287
Crude OR(95% CI)	1	0.964 (0.644–1.444)	0.744 (0.476–1.163)	0.599 (0.400–0.895)^d	0.002
Adjusted OR^c (95% CI)	1	0.827 (0.541–1.266)	0.703 (0.439–1.124)	0.621 (0.400–0.965) ^d	0.025
≥2 common cold^b (cases/subjects)	38/149	64/294	32/169	45/287
Crude OR (95% CI)	1	0.813 (0.513–1.289)	0.682 (0.401–1.162)	0.543 (0.334–0.884) ^d	0.009
Adjusted OR^c (95% CI)	1	0.642 (0.395–1.045)	0.557 (0.319–0.973) ^d	0.461 (0.270–0.787) ^d	0.006

^a Calculated by using a logistic regression model.
^b Frequency of self-reported common cold episodes in the previous year.
^c Adjusted for age, education, occupation, smoking status, BMI, physical activity, depressive symptoms, sleep duration, metabolic syndrome, calorie intake, vitamin C intake, and zinc intake.
^d Statistical significance: p < 0.05.

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