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Table 3 Multiple regression analyses examining correlates of sun protection and exposure behaviors

From: Sun protection and exposure behaviors among Hispanic adults in the United States: differences according to acculturation and among Hispanic subgroups

 

Sunscreen use

Staying in the shade

Use of sun protective clothing

Past year sunburn rate

 

b (95% CI)

Adj. Meana

b (95% CI)

Adj. Meana

b (95% CI)

Adj. Meana

AOR (95% CI)

Adj. %b

Nativity/length of time in the U.S.

 Born in U.S.

Reference

2.57

Reference

3.52

Reference

2.34

Reference

42.8

 < 10 years in U.S.

0.31 (−0.03, 0.66)

2.88

0.07 (−0.21, 0.36)

3.59

0.06 (−0.14, 0.26)

2.40

1.08 (0.61, 1.92)

44.5

 10–14 years in U.S.

0.16 (−0.16, 0.49)

2.73

−0.12 (−0.41, 0.17)

3.40

0.08 (−0.14, 0.31)

2.42

0.88 (0.52, 1.52)

40.2

 ≥ 15 years in U.S

0.14 (−0.08, 0.36)

2.71

0.01 (−0.21, 0.23)

3.53

0.03 (−0.12, 0.17)

2.37

1.08 (0.76, 1.55)

44.5

Language used when speaking

 Mostly/only Spanish

Reference

2.50

Reference

 

Reference***

2.52

Reference**

 

 Spanish/English equally

0.20 (−0.03, 0.42)

2.70

−0.11 (−0.30, 0.07)

3.57

−0.10 (−0.25, 0.06)

2.42

1.51 (1.00, 2.26)

34.9

 Mostly/only English

0.28 (0.04, 0.51)

2.78

−0.06 (−0.25, 0.13)

3.46

−0.32 (−0.49, –0.15)

2.20

1.96 (1.29, 2.98)

43.8

Hispanic origin

 Mexico

Reference

2.67

Reference

3.52

Reference*

2.41

Reference*

44.0

 Central/South America

−0.02 (−0.25, 0.20)

2.64

−0.10 (−0.31, 0.11)

3.42

−0.15 (−0.36, 0.05)

2.25

0.71 (0.50, 1.00)

36.6

 Puerto Rico

−0.06 (−0.36, 0.24)

2.60

0.07 (−0.19, 0.33)

3.59

−0.13 (−0.34, 0.07)

2.27

1.26 (0.78, 2.05)

49.2

 Cuba

−0.05 (−0.50, 0.41)

2.62

−0.09 (−0.49, 0.31)

3.44

−0.36 (−0.69, –0.02)

2.05

0.51 (0.32, 0.83)

30.1

 Other

0.15 (−0.19, 0.48)

2.81

0.10 (−0.20, 0.40)

3.63

0.16 (−0.08, 0.40)

2.56

1.28 (0.72, 2.28)

49.5

Region of U.S. residence

 Northeast

Reference

2.70

Reference**

3.18

Reference***

2.06

Reference

39.0

 Midwest

−0.29 (−0.66, 0.09)

2.42

0.25 (−0.07, 0.58)

3.43

0.00 (−0.29, 0.29)

2.06

1.96 (0.98. 3.91)

53.8

 South

−0.13 (−0.44, 0.19)

2.58

0.35 (0.11, 0.60)

3.53

0.26 (0.04, 0.48)

2.34

1.14 (0.67, 1.93)

41.9

 West

0.05 (−0.25, 0.36)

2.75

0.43 (0.17, 0.68)

3.61

0.46 (0.24, 0.67)

2.51

1.24 (0.73, 2.11)

43.6

Gender

 Male

Reference***

 

Reference**

3.40

Reference***

2.47

Reference

42.4

 Female

0.90 (0.70, 1.10)

2.18

0.22 (0.07, 0.37)

3.62

−0.20 (−0.31, –0.08)

2.27

1.08 (0.82, 1.43)

44.1

Age (years)

 18–29

Reference**

2.78

Reference

3.43

Reference***

2.16

Reference***

52.0

 30–39

0.00 (−0.25, 0.25)

2.79

0.12 (−0.07, 0.32)

3.55

0.19 (0.05, 0.33)

2.35

0.92 (0.59, 1.44)

50.2

 40–49

−0.17 (−0.44, 0.10)

2.61

0.05 (−0.18, 0.27)

3.48

0.24 (0.07, 0.41)

2.40

0.66 (0.43, 1.01)

42.4

 50–64

−0.25 (−0.52, 0.03)

2.54

0.19 (−0.03, 0.41)

3.62

0.31 (0.12, 0.51)

2.47

0.31 (0.20, 0.50)

27.1

 ≥ 65

−0.62 (−0.96, –0.27)

2.17

0.29 (−0.02, 0.59)

3.71

0.76 (0.53, 0.99)

2.92

0.28 (0.16, 0.47)

24.9

Education level

 ≤ Some high school

Reference***

2.48

Reference

3.58

Reference

2.46

Reference*

39.9

 High school graduate

−0.02 (−0.26, 0.21)

2.45

−0.03 (−0.24, 0.17)

3.55

−0.13 (−0.29, 0.04)

2.33

1.27 (0.87, 1.85)

45.1

 Some college

0.31 (0.08, 0.54)

2.79

−0.14 (−0.35, 0.08)

3.44

−0.16 (−0.33, 0.01)

2.30

1.48 (1.01, 2.17)

48.6

 College graduate

0.67 (0.36, 0.97)

3.15

−0.09 (−0.31, 0.12)

3.49

−0.11 (−0.34, 0.12)

2.35

0.89 (0.56, 1.41)

37.4

Health insurance

 Private

Reference***

2.86

Reference

3.52

Reference

2.38

Reference

47.2

 Public

−0.26 (−0.49

2.60

0.01 (−0.19, 0.20)

3.52

0.05 (−0.11, 0.21)

2.43

0.78 (0.53, 1.15)

41.7

 None

−0.42 (−0.62

2.44

0.01 (−0.18, 0.19)

3.52

−0.07 (−0.22, 0.07)

2.31

0.68 (0.49, 0.93)

38.7

Skin reaction after 1 hour in the sun

 Mild sunburn

Reference***

2.54

Reference***

3.41

Reference***

2.28

Reference**

38.5

 Moderate sunburn

0.16 (−0.01, 0.32)

2.70

0.12 (−0.04, 0.28)

3.53

0.09 (−0.02, 0.21)

2.37

1.55 (1.16, 2.07)

48.1

 Severe sunburn

0.60 (0.30, 0.90)

3.14

0.57 (0.33, 0.81)

3.99

0.49 (0.28, 0.71)

2.77

1.47 (0.94, 2.31)

46.9

Risk for occupational sun exposure

 Low

Reference

2.65

Reference*

3.55

Reference***

2.29

Reference

43.0

 High

0.10 (−0.18, 0.37)

2.75

−0.27 (−0.50, –0.05)

3.28

0.60 (0.42, 0.78)

2.89

1.15 (0.73, 1.81)

46.0

  1. Note. b = unstandardized regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval; Adj. = adjusted; AOR = adjusted odds ratio. Sunscreen use, staying in the shade, and use of sun protective clothing were each measured on a 5-point scale (1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the time, 5 = all of the time). Ns from 1578 to 1616 Hispanic adults drawn from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2010 National Health Interview Survey [23].
  2. aAdjusted means are least squares means obtained from a multiple linear regression analysis. bAdjusted rates of having a sunburn in the past year (%) are predicted marginals obtained from the multiple logistic regression analysis.
  3. *p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, for the association between the correlate and the sun protection behavior (based on a Satterthwaite adjusted F test).
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