Table 4 Hospitalization, medication, and diagnostic test costs
Author(s) (year) | Country | Cost estimate (I$) | % Annual per-capita income (entire population) | % Annual per-capita income (income-poorest 20% of the population) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospitalization costs | |||||
Aspler, et al. [41] | Zambia | 14 | 3 | 16 | Median costs (IQR I$4- I$19) |
Floyd, et al. [51] | South Africa | 119 | 3 | 17a | Mean cost of 18-day hospital stay under DOTS (I$7 per day) |
Floyd, et al. [51] | South Africa | 407 | 11 | 59a | Mean cost of 60-day hospital stay under conventional system (I$7/day) |
Floyd, et al. [50] | Malawi | 498 | 262 | 1048 | Mean cost of 58-day hospital stay under hospital-based strategy for smear-positive patients (I$9/day) |
Floyd, et al. [50] | Malawi | 138 | 73 | 289 | Mean cost of 16-day hospital stay under community-based DOTS strategy for smear-positive patients (I$9/day) |
Floyd, et al. [50] | Malawi | 32 | 17 | 66 | Mean cost of 8-day hospital stay under hospital-based and community-based DOTS strategies for smear-negative patients (I$9/day) |
Gibson and Boillot [52] | Sierra Leone | 1 | 0.53 | 2b | Mean hospital admission fees at a missionary hospital |
Gibson and Boillot [52] | Sierra Leone | 47 | 18 | 58b | Mean hospital admission fees at a government hospital |
Mesfin, et al. [55] | Ethiopia | 4 | 2 | 5 | Mean cost of hospital admissions (median I$0) |
Nganda, et al. [60] | Kenya | 530 | 101 | 336c | Mean cost of 60-day hospital stay under hospital-based system for smear-positive patients (I$9/ day) (96% CI I$5- I$13) |
Nganda, et al. [60] | Kenya | 34 | 7 | 22c | Mean cost of 4-day hospital stay under community-based DOTS for smear-positive patients (I$9/ day) (96% CI I$5- I$13) |
Okello, et al. [61] | Uganda | 219 | 73 | 240d | Mean cost of 60-day hospital stay under conventional hospital-based care strategy for smear-positive patients (I$4/ day) |
Okello, et al. [61] | Uganda | 70 | 24 | 77d | Mean cost of 19-day hospital stay under community-based care strategy for smear-positive patients (I$4/ day) |
Saunderson, P. [31] | Uganda | 91 | 39 | 126 | Mean cost for a 2-month hospital stay |
Wilkinson, et al. [67] | South Africa | 139 | 3.62 | 20e | Mean cost of 17.5-day hospital stay under community-based DOTS strategy (I$8/ day) |
Wyss et al. [68] | Tanzania | 15 | 5 | 12f | Hospitalization costs reported for one month |
Medication costs | |||||
Aspler, et al. [41] | Zambia | 15 | 3 | 18 | Median costs for additional medications (IQR I$9- I$21) |
Awofeso, N. [42] | Nigeria | 548g | 121 | 589h | Mid-range, one-time medication costs (range I$199- I$897)g |
Chard, S. [46] | Uganda | 20 | 7 | 22i | Mean costs for medications (range I$4- I$37) |
Kemp, et al. [54] | Malawi | 50 | 27 | 106j | Mean costs for smear-negative patients for user fees and drug costs outside of government health facilities (median I$19) |
Kemp, et al. [54] | Malawi | 18 | 9 | 37j | Mean costs for smear-positive patients for user fees and drug costs outside of government health facilities (median I$6) |
Mesfin, et al. [55] | Ethiopia | 22 | 12 | 25 | Mean costs for additional medications (median I$7) |
Diagnostic test costs | |||||
Aspler, et al. [41] | Zambia | 7 | 2 | 8 | Median cost for chest radiographic (IQR I$4-I$7) |
Needham, et al. [58] | Zambia | 9 | 2 | 13 | Mean cost for diagnostic tests (unspecified) (median I$13) |
Wyss, et al. [68] | Tanzania | 10 | 3 | 7f | Unit cost for examination, laboratory, and X-rays |