Table 1 Data Sources for Pennsylvania School Closure Model

Pennsylvania population, with distributions by age, sex, employment status, and household location

PA model represents a population of 11,863,395 people (This excludes populations that reside in close group quarters such as prisons)

Method to extract the agent population from Census data was developed by Beckman et al. [26].

Pennsylvania data from US Census Bureau’s Public Use Microdata files and Census aggregated data [27].

Pennsylvania location specifications

316,148 workplaces (ESRI Business Analyst GIS data product)

4,319 schools (National Center for Education Statistics [28])

4,779,182 households (Pennsylvania data from US Census Bureau’s Public Use Microdata files and Census aggregated data [27])

Students assigned to schools

Overall methodology described [29].

Pennsylvania data on public and private schools and school assignments (National Center for Education Statistics [28])

Employed adults assigned employment locations

Pennsylvania data on workplaces [30] and workplace assignments were taken from US Census Standard Tabulation Product (STP64) and ESRI Business Analyst GIS respectively.

Transmission site assumptions for homes, schools, worksites, and communities

Calibrate to a pandemic of R₀ = 1.4 (approximately 34% of population has symptomatic illness) with 33%, 12.5%, 24.5% and 30% of transmissions occurring in the household, workplace, schools and community respectively [31].

Natural history parameters for transmission probabilities under varying conditions are given in Table 1 of reference [31].

R₀ = 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 were simulated by scaling the transmissibility of the disease to produce approximately 19%, 36% and 45% symptomatic illness in the population respectively.