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Table 3 Costs associated with paediatric influenza

From: Burden of paediatric influenza in Western Europe: a systematic review

Reference, country, and study period

Population

Costs

Ehlken et al., 2005 [45],

3,458 children aged 0-36 months, with LRTI.

Mean (SD) costs (in 2002 euros) per community-acquired, office-based case of confirmed influenza:

Germany,

Setting: 11 office-based paediatricians and 5 hospitals.

Total cost: €223 (€280)

Influenza season: 1999 — 2001.

Direct medical cost: €66 (€24)

Direct non-medical cost: €12 (€10)

Indirect cost: €145 (€266)

Mean (SD) costs (in 2002 euros) per community-acquired, hospitalised case of confirmed influenza:

Total cost: €2,597 (€1,214)

Direct medical cost: €2,428 (€1,200)

Direct non-medical cost: €58 (€75)

Indirect cost: €110 (€249)

Median (95% CI) annual economic burden (in 2002 euros) due to confirmed influenza:

Community-acquired office-based cases: NA

Community-acquired, hospitalised cases:

Median: €7,530,105 (€5,547,410-€10,011,705)

Nosocomial cases: NA

Esposito et al., 2011 [37],

6,988 children aged < 14 years with ILI.

Mean (SD) costs (in 2008 euros) of influenza in influenza-positive and influenza-negative children and their households, until resolution of illness:

Italy,

Confirmed influenza cases: 2,143 (30.7%).

Influenza season: November 2008 — April 2009.

Total: €131.70 (€71.40); €89.40 (€65.20); P < 0.001

Setting: ED at a university hospital.

Paediatric examinations: €33.00 (€4.00); €30.60 (€4.20)

Antibiotics: €3.70 (€4.30); €4.40 (€4.90)

Antipyretics: €2.40 (€2.00); €1.90 (€1.40)

Hospitalisation: €22.40 (€238.10); €22.50 (€251.00)

Working days lost by mothers: €47.90 (€90.10); €26.70 (€89.90); P < 0.05

Working days lost by fathers: €22.30 (€89.70); €3.30 (€39.90); P < 0.05

Mean (SD) costs of influenza in influenza-positive children with influenza A or influenza B and their households, until resolution of illness:

Total: €142.60 (€74.30); €72.80 (€53.30); P < 0.001

Paediatric examinations: €33.30 (€4.60); €30.90 (€3.40)

Antibiotics: €3.70 (€3.30); €3.40 (€3.10)

Antipyretics: €2.50 (€2.10); €2.00 (€1.90)

Hospitalisation: €22.40 (€243.40); €14.20 (€216.70)

Working days lost by mothers: €54.40 (€94.80); €16.60 (€61.40); P < 0.05

Working days lost by fathers: €26.30 (€97.70); €5.70 (€33.30); P < 0.05

Mean (SD) cost of influenza in influenza-positive children of different age groups (<2 years, 2-5 years, and 6-13 years) and their households, until resolution of illness:

Total: €153.20 (€72.80)a; €148.10 (€83.10)a; €73.90 (€41.90)

Paediatric examinations: €33.50 (€5.60); €32.90 (€4.20); €33.00 (€2.50)

Antibiotics: €3.20 (€3.90); €4.00 (€4.60); €3.30 (€3.90)

Antipyretics: €2.40 (€1.90); €2.30 (€2.20); €2.10 (€2.50)

Hospitalisation: €40.80 (€238.80); €23.90 (€268.90); €11.50 (€153.40)

Working days lost by mothers: €46.70 (€96.40)a; €55.60 (€106.70)a; €19.80 (€49.60)

  

Working days lost by fathers: €26.60 (€90.40)a; €29.40 (€111.40)a; €4.20 (€39.10)

  1. CI = confidence interval; ED = emergency department; ILI = influenza-like illness; LRTI = lower respiratory tract infection; NA = not applicable; SD = standard deviation.
  2. Note: For further details on study design and patient characteristics, see Table 1
  3. a P < 0.05 vs. age > 5 years.