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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios for associations between different forms of maternal IPV and use of reproductive health service for currently married women: 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (n=2001)

From: Intimate partner violence and use of reproductive health services among married women: evidence from a national Bangladeshi sample

IPV measure

Adjusted odds ratio (95% Confidence interval)

 

Sufficient ANC visit

Type of ANC provider (MTP)

Delivery assistance (MTP)

Physical IPV

None

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.69 (0.49-0.96)c

0.69 (0.53-0.89)b

0.54 (0.37-0.78)b

Sexual IPV

None

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.71 (0.44-1.16)

0.71 (0.50-0.99)c

0.57 (0.33-0.99)c

Both physical and sexual IPV

None

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.65 (0.38-1.12)

0.71 (0.51-0.99)c

0.48 (0.25-0.94)c

Forms of physical IPV

None

1.00

1.00

1.00

Only less severe

0.77 (0.54-1.11)

0.74 (0.55-1.00)

0.58 (0.38-0.88)b

Severe

0.48 (0.28-0.80)b

0.60 (0.42-0.86)b

0.41 (0.23-0.74)b

  1. Note. IPV = intimate partner violence; ANC= antenatal health services; MTP=medically trained provider; NMTP=non–medically trained provider. Models were adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, husband’s education, maternal decision-making and freedom of movement autonomy, maternal occupation, residence, religion, frequency of mass media exposure, parity, pregnancy intentions, and wealth index category.
  2. Here a, b, and c indicate p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively.