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Table 2 Age-standardized prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors, by wealth quintile, and wealth-related absolute inequality among adults aged 18 or higher of 48 low- and middle-income countries, World Health Survey 2002-04

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for non communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey

    

Current daily smokers

Low-fruit/ vegetable consumersa

Physically inactive peopleb

Heavy episodic alcohol drinkersc

    

Estimate

   95% CI

Estimate

   95% CI

Estimate

   95% CI

Estimate

   95% CI

Men

Middle-income country group

Wealth quintile 1

 

43.6

42.1

45.2

83.8

82.3

85.3

11.6

10.4

12.8

14.3

12.9

15.6

  

Wealth quintile 2

 

38.5

37.0

40.0

80.9

79.5

82.4

12.6

11.5

13.7

12.7

11.5

13.8

  

Wealth quintile 3

 

34.7

33.2

36.2

79.7

78.3

81.1

11.7

10.7

12.7

12.6

11.5

13.6

  

Wealth quintile 4

 

30.9

29.5

32.3

78.4

77.0

79.8

12.2

11.1

13.2

11.5

10.5

12.5

  

Wealth quintile 5

 

27.9

26.5

29.3

75.2

73.7

76.6

13.5

12.4

14.7

12.5

11.5

13.5

  

Slope index of inequality

Model 1 d

13.3

10.4

16.2

11.6

7.6

15.6

−4.4

−6.8

−1.9

−0.8

−3.4

1.8

   

Model 2 e

6.9

3.7

10.1

12.0

7.4

16.6

−0.3

−3.2

2.7

1.3

−1.5

4.1

 

Low-income country group

Wealth quintile 1

 

32.5

31.1

33.9

77.0

75.5

78.6

9.0

8.0

10.0

7.5

6.6

8.3

  

Wealth quintile 2

 

28.6

27.4

29.9

74.1

72.7

75.6

7.8

6.9

8.8

6.7

6.0

7.5

  

Wealth quintile 3

 

25.0

23.8

26.2

72.1

70.6

73.5

7.2

6.3

8.1

6.2

5.5

7.0

  

Wealth quintile 4

 

22.1

21.0

23.2

71.8

70.4

73.2

8.3

7.4

9.3

6.9

6.1

7.7

  

Wealth quintile 5

 

18.5

17.4

19.6

71.0

69.6

72.5

11.0

9.9

12.1

7.5

6.7

8.3

  

Slope index of inequality

Model 1 d

23.0

19.6

26.4

9.7

6.2

13.2

−5.0

−7.1

−2.8

1.2

0.1

2.3

   

Model 2 e

14.1

10.2

18.0

8.2

4.3

12.1

−2.7

−5.2

−0.2

0.2

−0.9

1.4

Women

Middle-income country group

Wealth quintile 1

 

13.2

12.0

14.5

82.9

81.4

84.3

14.4

13.2

15.7

2.6

2.1

3.1

  

Wealth quintile 2

 

12.8

11.7

13.9

81.7

80.4

83.0

14.2

13.2

15.2

3.0

2.5

3.5

  

Wealth quintile 3

 

10.8

9.9

11.7

79.7

78.5

81.0

14.5

13.5

15.6

2.8

2.4

3.3

  

Wealth quintile 4

 

10.3

9.3

11.2

76.7

75.4

78.1

15.1

14.1

16.2

3.1

2.6

3.5

  

Wealth quintile 5

 

8.8

8.0

9.6

73.2

71.8

74.5

15.7

14.6

16.8

3.3

2.8

3.7

  

Slope index of inequality

Model 1 d

2.3

0.4

4.1

14.4

10.3

18.5

−2.4

−5.0

0.3

−1.4

−2.5

−0.3

   

Model 2 e

−0.1

−2.2

2.0

14.7

10.1

19.3

−0.5

−3.2

2.3

−0.5

−1.7

0.7

 

Low-income country group

Wealth quintile 1

 

8.8

8.0

9.6

77.8

76.4

79.3

13.3

12.2

14.4

2.5

2.0

3.0

  

Wealth quintile 2

 

6.7

6.0

7.3

75.3

73.9

76.7

14.2

13.1

15.3

2.9

2.3

3.5

  

Wealth quintile 3

 

5.9

5.2

6.6

73.2

71.8

74.6

13.7

12.6

14.8

2.8

2.2

3.4

  

Wealth quintile 4

 

5.2

4.6

5.7

73.9

72.5

75.2

14.6

13.5

15.7

2.8

2.2

3.3

  

Wealth quintile 5

 

3.0

2.5

3.6

72.4

70.9

73.9

18.2

16.9

19.5

2.6

2.1

3.2

  

Slope index of inequality

Model 1 d

5.7

3.7

7.7

9.5

6.5

12.4

−9.1

−12.3

−5.9

0.9

0.5

1.4

   

Model 2 e

3.8

1.3

6.3

9.9

6.6

13.3

−6.7

−10.5

−2.9

0.9

0.3

1.4

  1. Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval.
  2. All numbers are in percentage. Wealth quintiles are ordered by increasing wealth.
  3. a No data were available for Mexico.
  4. b No data were available for Morocco and Latvia.
  5. c Mauritania; and Bosnia-Herzegovina, Comoros, Mauritania and Pakistan were excluded from male and female datasets, respectively.
  6. d Model 1 is adjusted for country of residence and age.
  7. e Model 2 is adjusted for country of residence, age, marital status, urban/rural area and education.
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BMC Public Health

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