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Table 4 Estimation of the crude and adjusted odds ratios (cORs and aORs) for the types of energy source used at home as a function of the presence of atopic dermatitis (AD)

From: Atopic dermatitis and indoor use of energy sources in cooking and heating appliances

 

AD

cOR

aOR 1

aOR 2

N

%

Electric cooker

 No

702

5.7

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

574

6.4

1.14 (1.01-1.27)*

0.96 (0.85 - 1.08)

0.94 (0.81-1.09)

Gas cooker

 No

547

6.2

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

729

5.8

0.92 (0.82-1.04)

1.10 (0.97-1.25)

1.10 (0.95-1.28)

Biomass cooker

 No

1 268

6

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

8

9.5

1.66 (0.80-3.45)

1.66 (0.80-3.44)

1.51 (0.60-3.81)

Electric heating

 No

763

6

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

513

6

1.00 (0.89-1.13)

1.13 (1.00-1.27)*

1.14 (0.99-1.31)

Gas/kerosene/paraffin heating

 No

695

6.1

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

581

5.9

0.97 (0.87-1.09)

0.92 (0.82-1.04)

0.91 (0.80-1.04)

Biomass heating

 No

1 123

5.9

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

153

6.8

1.17 (0.98-1.39)

1.02 (0.82-1.22)

1.02 (0.82-1.25)

Electric cooker or heating

 No

405

5.6

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

871

6.2

1.10 (0.97-1.24)

1.05 (0.93-1.19)

1.27 (0.94-1.72)

Gas cooker or gas/kerosene/paraffin heating

 No

311

6.2

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

965

5.9

0.95 (0.83-1.08)

1.04 (0.91-1.19)

1.01 (0.86-1.19)

Biomass cooker or heating

 No

1 121

5.9

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Yes

155

6.8

1.16 (0.98-1.38)

1.02 (0.85-1.22)

1.00 (0.82-1.24)

Nature of energy source

 Clean

186

6.4

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

 Clean + dirty

799

6.2

0.96 (0.82-1.14)

0.99 (0.84-1.17)

1.18 (0.80-1.76)

 Dirty

291

5.4

0.83 (0.69-1.00)

0.88 (0.73-1.07)

0.89 (0.56-1.42)

  1. cOR: crude odds ratio. aOR: adjusted odds ratio.
  2. *Chi-squared test. p ≤ 0.05.
  3. 1) Adjusted by: mother’s educational level, geographic area.
  4. 2) Adjusted by: gender, BMI, siblings, smoking habit (mother and father), mother’s educational level, geographic area, truck traffic.