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Table 5 Association of daily breakfast consumption with dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours (n=1814)

From: Association of breakfast intake with obesity, dietary and physical activity behavior among urban school-aged adolescents in Delhi, India: results of a cross-sectional study

Dietary Behaviours

Breakfast

Overall

School Type

Gender

    

Private

Government

Boys

Girls

  

Unadjusted OR

Adjusted OR†

OR‡

OR‡

OR§

OR§

    

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

Eat dairy products (yes/no)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.9

2.2

1.3

4.9

1.2

4.6

  

(0.8-4.4)

(0.9-5.2)

(0.4-4.1)

(1.2-19.3)

(0.4-3.9)

(1.2-17.3)

 

Daily

4.8

5.5

3.4

9.3

3.5

7.9

  

(2.1-10.8)

(2.4-12.5)

(1.0-11.1)

(2.9-3.2)

(1.1-11.4)

(2.4-26.6)

Eat fruits (≥1 times/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.6

1.2

  

(0.5-1.3)

(0.5-1.2)

(0.6-1.8)

(0.3-1.1)

(0.3-1.0)

(0.6-2.5)

 

Daily

1.7

1.7

2.3

1.0

1.3

2.2

  

(1.1-2.4)

(1.1-2.5)

(1.3-3.9)

(0.6-1.7)

(0.8-1.1)

(1.2-4.2)

Eat vegetables (≥2 times/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.2

1.4

1.6

  

(0.9-2.6)

(0.9-2.5)

(0.8-3.0)

(0.5-3.1)

(0.7-2.7)

(0.7-3.7)

 

Daily

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.1

2.2

  

(1.3-3.5)

(1.3-3.5)

(1.2-4.1)

(0.9-4.5)

(1.1-3.9)

(1.0-4.8)

Eat fried foods (≥1 times/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

0.8

0.8

1.1

0.7

0.8

0.9

  

(0.5-1.2)

(0.5-1.3)

(0.5-2.2)

(0.4-1.3)

(0.5-1.4)

(0.4-1.8)

 

Daily

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.7

0.9

0.6

  

(0.5-1.2)

(0.5-1.2)

(0.5-2.0)

(0.4-1.2)

(0.5-1.5)

(0.3-1.2)

Soft drink consumption (≥2 times/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

  

(0.4-0.9)

(0.4-1.0)

(0.4-1.3)

(0.3-1.1)

(0.4-1.1)

(0.3-1.3)

 

Daily

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

  

(0.4-1.0)

(0.5-1.1)

(0.4-1.3)

(0.4-1.2)

(0.4-1.2)

(0.3-1.2)

Physical Activity

Strenuous (≥ ½ hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.7

  

(1.2-2.9)

(1.2-3.0)

(1.1-3.3)

(1.0-4.0)

(1.1-3.5)

(0.8-3.4)

 

Daily

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

  

(1.2-2.5)

(1.2-2.6)

(1.1-3.0)

(0.9-3.1)

(1.0-2.8)

(0.9-3.3)

Moderate (≥ ½ hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

2.8

2.8

2.4

3.2

3.9

1.8

  

(1.8-4.5)

(1.7-4.5)

(1.2-4.9)

(1.6-6.4)

(2.0-7.6)

(0.8-3.9)

 

Daily

2.6

2.7

2.9

2.4

2.8

2.4

  

(1.7-3.9)

(1.7-4.1)

(1.5-5.4)

(1.3-4.4)

(1.6-4.8)

(1.2-5.0)

Mild (≥ ½ hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

2.4

2.6

2.1

3.1

3.7

1.5

  

(1.6-3.8)

(1.6-4.0)

(1.1-3.9)

(1.6-5.9)

(2.1-6.7)

(0.7-3.0)

 

Daily

2.7

2.9

2.8

3.01

4.6

1.5

  

(1.9-4.0)

(1.9-4.4)

(1.6-5.0)

(1.68-5.39)

(2.8-7.7)

(0.8-3.0)

Sedentary Activity

Watch TV, weekday (≥2 hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

0.8

1.5

  

(0.7-1.5)

(0.7-1.5)

(0.6-1.8)

(0.5-1.8)

(0.5-1.3)

(0.8-2.9)

 

Daily

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.9

  

(0.6-1.1)

(0.6-1.2)

(0.5-1.4)

(0.4-1.3)

(0.5-1.2)

(0.5-1.7)

Watch TV, weekend (≥2 hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.7

1.7

2.1

1.3

1.8

1.5

  

(1.1-2.5)

(1.1-2.5)

(1.2-1.5)

(0.7-2.5)

(1.1-3.1)

(0.8-2.8)

 

Daily

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.5

1.0

  

(0.9-1.8)

(0.9-1.8)

(0.9-2.4)

(0.7-2.0)

(0.9-2.5)

(0.6-1.9)

Use computer, weekday (≥2 hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

0.9

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.4

  

(0.6-1.4)

(0.6-1.5)

(0.6-1.9)

(0.4-1.7)

(0.8-4.2)

(0.6-3.2)

 

Daily

0.8

0.9

0.8

1.1

0.8

1.3

  

(0.5-1.2)

(0.6-1.3)

(0.4-1.3)

(0.6-2.0)

(0.7-3.1)

(0.6-2.7)

Use computer, weekend (≥2 hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.8

1.9

  

(0.7-1.6)

(0.7-1.7)

(0.5-1.9)

(0.4-1.4)

(0.5-1.4)

(0.8-4.2)

 

Daily

1.0

1.0

1.2

0.7

0.9

1.4

  

(0.7-1.5)

(0.7-1.6)

(0.7-2.3)

(0.4-1.2)

(0.6-1.5)

(0.7-3.1)

Study school, weekday (≥ 2 hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.2

1.2

1.4

0.9

1.2

1.1

  

(0.8-1.8)

(0.8-1.8)

(0.8-2.4)

(0.5-1.9)

(0.7-2.0)

(0.5-2.2)

 

Daily

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

  

(1.1-2.4)

(1.0-2.2)

(1.0-3.0)

(0.7-2.3)

(0.9-2.3)

(0.8-3.2)

Study school, weekend (≥ 2 hr/day)

Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

Sometimes

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.1

1.3

1.4

  

(0.9-2.0)

(0.9-2.0)

(0.9-2.7)

(0.6-2.1)

(0.7-2.2)

(0.7-2.7)

 

Daily

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.7

  

(1.6-3.3)

(1.5-3.3)

(1.5-4.2)

(1.1-2.6)

(1.2-3.2)

(1.4-5.0)

  1. Bold numbers represents significant result.
  2. † Mixed effect logistic regression was used. Age, gender, school type and grade were adjusted. School was treated as random effect.
  3. ‡ Mixed effect logistic regression was used. Age, gender, grade were adjusted. School was treated as random effect.
  4. § Mixed effect logistic regression was used. Age, school type, grade were adjusted. School was treated as random effect.