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Table 1 Categorized list of the benefits of vaccination

From: Systematic review of studies evaluating the broader economic impact of vaccination in low and middle income countries

Category

Definition

Examples of outcomes

A. Health-related benefits

A1. Health gains

Reduction in morbidity and mortality

Cases averted

Deaths averted

Disability-adjusted life years saved

A2. Health care savings

Reduction in cost of health care borne by the public sector or private individuals

Costs saved

B. Productivity-related benefits

B1. Productivity gains related to care

Reduction in lost days of work due to sickness or caring for a sick patient

Value of productivity gained

B2. Productivity gains related to short term outcomes

Reduction in lost days of work due to sickness or death of sick patient

Value of productivity gained

Lifetime earnings

B3. Productivity gains related to long term outcomes

Increased lifetime productivity because better health improves cognition, educational attainment and physical strength

Educational outcomes

Cognitive outcomes

Lifetime earnings

B4. Productivity gains related to household behaviour

Economic improvements due to changes in household choices such as fertility and consumption/saving as a result of improved child health and survival

Productivity

Female labour participation

Household investment per child

Dependency ratio

C. Community externalities

C1. Ecological effects

Health improvements in unvaccinated community members as a result of ecological effects such as herd immunity and reduced antibiotic usage.

Indirect vaccine protection

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance

C2. Equity

More equal distribution of health outcomes

Distribution of health outcomes

C3. Financial sustainability

Improved financial sustainability of health care programs as a result of synergies with vaccination programs and/or stimulation of private demand.

Financial benefits

Private demand estimates

C4. Macroeconomic impact

Changes in the national economy or individual sectors of the economy.

Gross domestic product

Production by economic sector

  1. Definitions in categories A, B and C1 are adapted from Bärnighausen et al.[4].