Self-reported hearing difficulties, main income sources, and socio-economic status; a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden

Table 5 Odds ratios (ORs) of having sickness benefits or disability pension in men (n=9 287)

	Model 1: Crude^a	Model 2: Age-adjusted^a	Model 3: Age- and SES-adjusted^a	Model 4: Full factorial^a,b
Independent variable	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Age (years)
20-24	1		1	1
25-34	2.33 (1.08-5.02)		2.75 (1.27-5.97)	2.65 (1.22-5.75)
35-44	5.62 (2.73-11.60)		7.06 (3.38-14.75)	6.57 (3.15-13.71)
45-54	12.89 (6.33-26.23)		15.99 (7.74-33.04)	14.45 (7.00-29.83)
55-64	31.41 (15.54-63.51)		39.77 (19.36-81.68)	35.88 (17.47-73.67)
SES
Professional work level	1	1		1
Intermediate non-manual work level	1.82 (1.26-2.64)	1.82 (1.25-2.64)		1.80 (1.23-2.62)
Assistant non-manual work level	3.50 (2.40-5.13)	3.78 (2.56-5.58)		3.68 (2.49-5.44)
Self-employed non-professional work level	3.21 (2.21-4.66)	2.83 (1.94-4.13)		2.68 (1.83-3.92)
Skilled manual work level	4.16 (2.98-5.82)	5.06 (3.59-7.11)		4.57 (3.23-6.45)
Unskilled/semiskilled manual work level	4.55 (3.26-6.34)	5.71 (4.07-8.01)		5.16 (3.66-7.28)
Students	0.45 (0.20-1.01)	2.45 (1.06-5.68)		2.02 (0.87-4.70)
Self-reported hearing difficulties
No	1	1	1	1
Yes	2.39 (2.01-2.85)	1.52 (1.26-1.82)	1.36 (1.12-1.64)	1.36 (1.13-1.64)
Type of living area
Urban	1	1	1	1
Semi-urban	1.25 (1.03-1.50)	1.21 (1.00-1.47)	1.03 (0.85-1.26)	1.07 (0.88-1.31)
Sparsely populated	1.77 (1.47-2.13)	1.55 (1.28-1.87)	1.20 (0.98-1.46)	1.29 (1.06-1.58)
Country of birth
Sweden	1	1	1	1
Elsewhere	1.64 (1.34-2.00)	1.85 (1.50-2.28)	1.71 (1.37-2.12)	1.81 (1.45-2.25)

^aAge included as a categorical variable. ^bIncluded independent variables are age, socio-economic status (SES), self-reported hearing difficulties, type of living area, and country of birth.