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Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) of having hearing difficulties in women (n=9 758)

From: Self-reported hearing difficulties, main income sources, and socio-economic status; a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden

  

Model 1: Crudea

 

Model 2: Age-adjusteda

 

Model 3: Age- and SES-adjusteda

 

Model 4: Full factoriala,b

Independent variable

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

Age (years)

        

 20-24

 

1

   

1

 

1

 25-34

 

1.03 (0.73-1.46)

   

1.22 (0.86-1.74)

 

1.19 (0.83-1.70)

 35-44

 

1.42 (1.03-1.97)

   

1.73 (1.23-2.43)

 

1.58 (1.12-2.23)

 45-54

 

2.47 (1.81-3.37)

   

3.01 (2.15-4.20)

 

2.63 (1.87-3.70)

 55-64

 

3.05 (2.24-4.15)

   

3.64 (2.61-5.08)

 

2.99 (2.13-4.20)

SES

        

 Professional work level

 

1

 

1

   

1

 Intermediate non-manual work level

 

1.31 (1.00-1.72)

 

1.30 (0.99-1.71)

   

1.26 (0.96-1.65)

 Assistant non-manual work level

 

1.54 (1.17-2.04)

 

1.48 (1.12-1.95)

   

1.35 (1.02-1.79)

 Self-employed non-professional work level

 

1.17 (0.78-1.76)

 

1.06 (0.71-1.60)

   

1.04 (0.69-1.57)

 Skilled manual work level

 

1.72 (1.30-2.28)

 

1.76 (1.33-2.34)

   

1.58 (1.19-2.12)

 Unskilled/semiskilled manual work level

 

2.12 (1.63-2.74)

 

2.20 (1.70-2.86)

   

1.88 (1.43-2.45)

 Students

 

1.01 (0.69-1.46)

 

1.82 (1.22-2.70)

   

1.71 (1.12-2.61)

Type of living area

        

 Urban

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 Semi-urban

 

1.23 (1.05-1.45)

 

1.18 (1.00-1.40)

 

1.11 (0.94-1.31)

 

1.09 (0.92-1.29)

 Sparsely populated

 

1.46 (1.24-1.73)

 

1.35 (1.14-1.59)

 

1.21 (1.01-1.43)

 

1.18 (0.99-1.40)

Country of birth

        

 Sweden

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 Elsewhere

 

1.08 (0.89-1.32)

 

1.08 (0.89-1.32)

 

1.01 (0.83-1.24)

 

1.00 (0.82-1.23)

Main income source

        

 Work

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 Unemployment benefits

 

1.72 (1.28-2.32)

 

1.74 (1.28-2.35)

 

1.59 (1.17-2.16)

 

1.58 (1.16-2.14)

 Sickness benefits/disability pension

2.37 (2.02-2.79)

 

1.92 (1.63-2.27)

 

1.73 (1.46-2.06)

 

1.72 (1.45-2.05)

 Other

 

0.74 (0.57-0.96)

 

1.01 (0.77-1.33)

 

0.95 (0.71-1.27)

 

0.95 (0.71-1.28)

  1. aAge included as a categorical variable. bIncluded independent variables are age, socio-economic status (SES), type of living area, country of birth, and main income source.