Table 1 Characteristics and non-participation levels of included studies
From: Non-participation in population-based disease prevention programs in general practice
First author and year | Study design | Study size (n) | Country | Target disease | Inclusion criteria target group | Recruitment strategy | Non-participation level | Study quality# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccination | ||||||||
Allsup [21], 2002 | RCT | 2583 | UK | Influenza | Age (65–74), medical record | Letter + reminder | 88% * | ** |
Arthur [22], 2002 | RCT | 2052 | UK | Influenza | Age (≥ 75) | Letter | health check + vaccination: 26% vaccination in clinic: 32% | * |
Evans [24], 2003 | Observational | 2600 | UK | Influenza | Age (≥ 65) | Not clear | na | * |
MRC Trial of Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community (MRC Study) Breeze [18], 2004 Mangtani [17], 2005 (sub study) | Observational | 28492 5572 | UK | Influenza | Age (≥ 75) | Letter | 1997: 52% 1998: 50% 1999: 49% 2000: 37% | * |
Byrnes [23], 2006 | Observational | 580 | Australia | Influenza | Age (≥ 65) | Telephone + reminder | 2004: 23% 2005: 17% | * |
Opstelten [25], 2009 | Observational | 1778 | The Netherlands | Herpes zoster and influenza | Age (≥ 65) | Letter + reminder | HZ (with and without influenza): 61%, Influenza (with and without HZ): 24% | * |
Vila-Córcoles [26], 2006 | Observational | 10410 | Spain | Pneumococcal bacteraemia/invasive disease | Age (≥ 65) | Not clear | 2001: 56% 2002: 49% 2003: 48% | * |
Screening aimed at early detection of disease | ||||||||
Moser [27], 2009 | Observational | 3185 | UK | Cervical cancer | Age (25–64), female sex | Letter | na | * |
Tacken [28], 2007 | Observational | 2224 | The Netherlands | Cervical cancer | Age (30–60), female sex | Letter + reminder | na | * |
Low [12], 2005 | Observational | 19773 | UK | Chlamydia | Age (16–39) | Letter + reminder | 65% | ** |
Verhoeven [29], 2004 | Observational | 339 | Belgium | Chlamydia | Age (18–35), female sex | In General Practice practice | 15% | * |
RCT | 355 | UK | Diabetes | Age (40–69), medical record | Letter | 18% | * | |
ADDITION trial UK: Sargeant [20], 2010 Eborall [16], 2007 (sub study) | Observational study Controlled trial | 33539 7380 | UK | Diabetes | Age (40–69), medical record | Letter + reminder | 26% | * |
ADDITION trial Denmark: Christensen [19], 2004 Dalsgaard [15], 2009 (sub study) | Observational | 60926 4603 | Denmark | Diabetes | Age (40–69), medical record | Letter | 50% | * |
Marteau [9], 2010 | RCT | 1272 | UK | Diabetes | Age (40–69), medical record | Letter | 43% | * |
Van der Veen [30], 2009 | Observational | 8475 | The Netherlands | Depression and anxiety | Age (18–65), recent contact PCP, medical record | Letter | 64% | * |
Yeung [31], 2006 | Observational | 5203 | USA | Depression | Age (≥ 18), ethnicity | In General Practice practice | 27% | * |
Fowler [32], 2012 | Observational | 554 | USA | Dementia | Age (≥ 65), medical record | In General Practice practice | 10% | * |
Screening aimed at identification of high risk of disease | ||||||||
Vermunt [36], 2010 | Observational | 16032 | The Netherlands | Diabetes | Age (40–70), medical record | Letter | 45% | ** |
Van de Kerkhof [33], 2010 | Observational | 1704 | The Netherlands | Cardio-metabolic risk | Age (40–75), medical record | Letter | 25% | * |
Nielen [35], 2011 | Observational | 9896 ** | The Netherlands | Cardio-metabolic risk | Age (45–70), medical record | Letter or poster and leaflets in waiting room | Letter: 67% Poster/leaflet: 99% | ** |
Lambert [34], 2011 | Observational | 24166 | UK | Cardio-metabolic risk | Age (≥ 40), male sex, medical record | Letter or telephone call | 76% | * |
Barr [37], 2005 | Observational | 5306 | UK | Fractures | Age (≥ 70), female sex | Letter | 32% | * |
Zanjani [38], 2006 | Observational | 8367 | USA | Risk drinking | Age (≥ 65) | Not clear | 52% | * |