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Table 3 Insomnia depending on mean unemployment rate experienced in the neighbourhood

From: Insomnia and urban neighbourhood contexts – are associations modified by individual social characteristics and change of residence? Results from a population-based study using residential histories

Whole Sample

N = 2873

%

Model 1: crude

Model 2: adjusted a)

Neighbourhood unemployment rate

  

OR

[−CI

+CI]

OR

[−CI

+CI]

Lowest (first quartile, Ref.)

682

23.7

1

  

1

  

Mid-low (second quartile)

738

25.7

1.24

[0.87

1.77]

1.15

[0.80

1.64]

Mid-high (third quartile)

779

27.1

1.63**

[1.17

2.28]

1.43*

[1.02

2.02]

Highest (forth quartile)

674

23.5

1.74**

[1.24

2.45]

1.42*

[1.00

2.03]

Model fit (Cox & Snell R 2 / Nagelkerke`s R 2 )

   

0.005 /

0.009

 

0.033 /

0.064

Subgroup: low-income

N = 735

%

Model 1: crude

Model 2: adjusted b)

Neighbourhood unemployment rate

  

OR

[−CI

+CI]

OR

[−CI

+CI]

Lowest (first quartile, Ref.)

133

18.1

1

  

1

  

Mid-low (second quartile)

163

22.2

1.92

[0.88

4.21]

1.87

[0.85

4.14]

Mid-high (third quartile)

212

28.8

2.35*

[1.12

4.93]

2.30*

[1.09

4.85]

Highest (forth quartile)

227

30.9

3.04**

[1.48

6.26]

2.90**

[1.39

6.02]

Model fit (Cox & Snell R 2 / Nagelkerke`s R 2 )

   

0.015 /

0.027

 

0.028 /

0.049

Subgroup: less educated

N = 334

%

Model 1: crude

Model 2: adjusted b)

Neighbourhood unemployment rate

  

OR

[−CI

+CI]

OR

[−CI

+CI]

Lowest (first quartile, Ref.)

44

13.2

1

  

1

  

Mid-low (second quartile)

74

22.2

3.21*

[1.01

10.22]

3.82*

[1.17

12.45]

Mid-high (third quartile)

100

29.9

3.70*

[1.21

11.32]

3.99*

[1.28

12.48]

Highest (forth quartile)

116

34.7

3.65*

[1.21

11.03]

3.51*

[1.15

10.76]

Model fit (Cox & Snell R 2 / Nagelkerke`s R 2 )

   

0.022 /

0.033

 

0.049 /

0.073

Subgroup: socially isolated

N = 215

%

Model 1: crude

Model 2: adjusted b)

Neighbourhood unemployment rate

  

OR

[−CI

+CI]

OR

[−CI

+CI]

Lowest (first quartile, Ref.)

40

18.6

1

  

1

  

Mid-low (second quartile)

46

21.4

0.85

[0.23

3.19]

0.91

[0.24

3.49]

Mid-high (third quartile)

67

31.2

2.38

[0.80

7.06]

2.17

[0.71

6.62]

Highest (forth quartile)

62

28.8

3.33*

[1.14

9.79]

3.32*

[1.11

9.96]

Model fit (Cox & Snell R 2 / Nagelkerke`s R 2 )

   

0.046 /

0.071

 

0.078 /

0.121

Subgroup: non-movers

N = 2317

%

Model 1: crude

Model adjusted a)

Neighbourhood unemployment rate

  

OR

[−CI

+CI]

OR

[−CI

+CI]

Lowest (first quartile, Ref.)

568

24.5

1

  

1

  

Mid-low (second quartile)

591

24.8

1.37

[0.92

2.03]

1.28

[0.86

1.91]

Mid-high (third quartile)

623

26.9

1.82**

[1.25

2.65]

1.64*

[1.12

2.40]

Highest (forth quartile)

535

23.1

1.81**

[1.23

2.66]

1.48

[0.99

2.20]

Model fit (Cox & Snell R 2 / Nagelkerke`s R 2 )

   

0.006 /

0.011

 

0.029 /

0.056

Subgroup: movers

N = 556

%

Model 1: crude

Model 2: adjusted a)

Neighbourhood unemployment rate

  

OR

[−CI

+CI]

OR

[−CI

+CI]

Lowest (first quartile, Ref.)

114

20.5

1

  

1

  

Mid-low (second quartile)

147

26.4

0.82

[0.37

1.82]

0.69

[0.30

1.60]

Mid-high (third quartile)

156

28.1

1.01

[0.48

2.16]

0.79

[0.35

1.80]

Highest (forth quartile)

139

25.0

1.46

[0.70

3.05]

1.31

[0.59

2.94]

Model fit (Cox & Snell R 2 / Nagelkerke`s R 2 )

   

0.005 /

0.009

 

0.078 /

0.149

  1. Multivariate logistic regression models for the whole sample and for subgroups: Odds ratios are shown for having insomnia (reference group: non-insomniacs) with 95% CIs.
  2. Model 1: crude exposure, without any adjustment. Model 2 a): adjusted for years under high exposure to night-time noise, age, gender, economic activity, and education. Model 2 b): adjusted for years under high exposure to night-time noise, age, gender, and economic activity. Levels of significance: * p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01.