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Table 9 Summary results of evidence on the relationship environmental factors and transportation walking

From: Relationship between the physical environment and different domains of physical activity in European adults: a systematic review

Environm. variables

Positive association

Negative association

No association

A*

B*

C*

D*

Walkability

78, 82, 83, 85, 86

 

82

5

4/5

80

++

Street connectivity

  

85

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Access to shops/services/work

63, 77

85

77

3

2/4

50

0

Access to public transport

50

  

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Access to recreation facilities

  

52, 52, 85, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92,92, 92, 92

3

0/13

0

0

Walking/cycling facilities

  

85, 85

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Safety

  

63, 85

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Traffic-related safety

  

85

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Crime-related safety

  

63, 85

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Aesthetics

63

63, 85

63, 85

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Urbanization

84, 84

  

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Quality of environment

  

77M, 77F

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

  1. * A = n° of independent studies; B = n° of associated records divided by all records; C = % of evidence; D = summary code.
  2. Regular vs italics font = subjective vs objective PA measures; regular vs bold font = subjective vs objective environmental measures.
  3. M = specific results for males; F = specific results for females.