Skip to main content

Table 6 Summary results of evidence on the relationship environmental factors and total walking/cycling

From: Relationship between the physical environment and different domains of physical activity in European adults: a systematic review

Environm. variables

Positive association

Negative association

No association

A*

B*

C*

D*

Walkability

  

61

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Residential density

  

33M, 33F

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Land use mix diversity

33F

 

33M

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Street connectivity

  

33M, 33F

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Access to shops/services/work

54, 54, 54, 67

 

33M, 33F, 39M, 39M, 39F, 39F 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 67

4

4/16

25

00

Access to public transport

33F

 

33M, 93, 93

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Access to recreation facilities

54, 54, 61, 92

 

33M, 33F, 39M, 39M, 39M, 39M, 39F, 39F, 39F, 39F, 61, 61, 67, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92

6

4/36

11

00

Walking/cycling facilities

26, 33M

 

33M, 33F, 33F

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Safety

54, 71

 

39M, 39M, 39M, 39M, 39F, 39F, 39F, 39F, 71

3

2/11

18

0

Traffic-related safety

  

26, 33M, 33F, 39M, 39M, 39F, 39F

3

0/7

0

0

Crime-related safety

  

26, 33M, 33F, 67, 67

3

0/5

0

0

Aesthetics

54

 

33M, 33F, 39M, 39M, 39F, 39F, 54, 54, 54

3

1/10

10

0

Urbanization

26, 54

 

42M, 42F, 67

3

2/5

40

(+)

Quality of environment

71

71

61

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

  1. * A = n° of independent studies; B = n° of associated records divided by all records; C = % of evidence; D = summary code.
  2. Regular vs italics font = subjective vs objective PA measures; regular vs bold font = subjective vs objective environmental measures.
  3. M = specific results for males; F = specific results for females.