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Table 10 Summary results of evidence on the relationship environmental factors and transportation cycling

From: Relationship between the physical environment and different domains of physical activity in European adults: a systematic review

Environm. variables

Positive association

Negative association

No association

A*

B*

C*

D*

Walkability

59, 83, 85, 86

 

82, 82

5

4/6

67

++

Residential density

53 M,1, 53 F,1

 

53 M,2, 53 M,3, 53 F,2, 53 F,3

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Land use mix diversity

  

80

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Street connectivity

85

  

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

Access to shops/services/work

35, 35, 35, 38, 53 M,1, 53 F,1, 53 F,2, 53 F,3, 64, 77, 77, 91, 91, 90

 

53 M,2, 53 M,3, 77, 77, 85

7

14/19

74

++

Access to public transport

50

 

35, 53 M,1, 53 M,2, 53 M,3, 53 F,1, 53 F,2, 53 F,3

3

1/8

13

0

Access to recreation facilities

85, 91

52

52, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92

5

2/14

14

0

Walking/cycling facilities

64, 64, 64, 80, 90, 91

 

35, 35, 64, 64, 64, 80, 85, 85

6

6/14

43

(++)

Safety

  

80, 85

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Traffic-related safety

41 M, 41 F, 64, 90, 91

792, 91, 91

35, 35, 35, 35, 64, 791, 80, 85

8

5/16

31

00

Crime-related safety

792, 85, 90

91

35, 35, 791, 90, 91

5

3/9

33

0

Aesthetics

791

91

792, 80

3

1/4

25

0

Urbanization

35, 64, 84, 90, 90, 91, 91, 91

 

84

5

8/9

89

++

Hilliness

80

64, 91

 

3

2/3

67

(−)

Quality of environment

  

77M, 77M, 77F, 77F

1

N/A

N/A

N/A

  1. * A = n° of independent studies; B = n° of associated records divided by all records; C = % of evidence; D = summary code.
  2. Regular vs italics font = subjective vs objective PA measures; regular vs bold font = subjective vs objective environmental measures.
  3. M = specific results for males; F = specific results for females; 1 = specific results for 1st subgroup; 2 = specific results for 2nd subgroup; 3 = specific results for 3rd subgroup.