Figure 4From: Pre-pregnancy care for women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis First trimester mean value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C from five studies of women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus who did or did not receive pre-pregnancy care. PPC (experimental) = the group who received pre-pregnancy care; NPPC (control) = the group who did not received pre-pregnancy care; CI = Confidence intervals.Back to article page