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Table 4 Multilevel regression analysis for male students' time spent in PA (n = 10973)

From: A multilevel examination of gender differences in the association between features of the school environment and physical activity among a sample of grades 9 to 12 students in Ontario, Canada

Characteristics

 

Student Variables

Student and School Social Environment Variables

Student, School Social Environment, and School Built Environment Variables

Student, School Social Environment, and School & Neighbourhood Built Environment Variables

Student, School Social Environment, School & Neighbourhood Built Environment Variables, and School Demographics

  

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

Individual-level

      

Grade

9

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

10

-4.64 (2.46)

-4.63 (2.46)

-4.69 (2.46)

-4.64 (2.46)

-4.67 (2.46)

 

11

-10.60 (2.54)c

-10.61 (2.54)c

-10.63 (2.54)c

-10.61 (2.54)c

-10.59 (2.54)c

 

12

-19.96 (2.59)c

-20.00 (2.59)c

-20.02 (2.59)c

-20.02 (2.59)c

-19.86 (2.59)c

Weight status

Healthy weight

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

Underweight

4.20 (7.02)

4.26 (7.02)

4.33 (7.02)

4.32 (7.02)

4.38 (7.02)

 

Overweight

-3.70 (2.26)

-3.71 (2.26)

-3.71 (2.26)

-3.71 (2.26)

-3.74 (2.26)

 

Obese

-8.73 (3.29)c

-8.72 (3.29)b

-8.77 (3.29)b

-8.78 (3.29)b

-8.63 (3.29)b

Mode of transport to school

Non-active

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

Active

11.48 (2.29)c

11.39 (2.29)c

11.46 (2.29)c

11.70 (2.29)c

11.69 (2.37)c

 

Mixed

6.20 (2.36)b

6.12 (2.36)b

6.18 (2.35)b

6.37 (2.36)b

6.41 (2.36)b

Enrolled in PE

No

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

Yes

19.80 (1.97)c

19.76 (1.97)c

19.78 (1.97)c

19.76 (1.97)c

19.83 (1.97)c

Participation in school intramurals

No

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

Yes

23.80 (2.28)c

23.77 (2.28)c

23.81 (2.28)c

23.79 (2.23)c

23.78 (2.28)c

Participation in school varsity teams

No

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

Yes

12.38 (2.23)c

12.39 (2.23)c

12.41 (2.23)c

12.41 (2.23)c

12.36 (2.23)c

Engaging in flexibility activities

< 3 days/week

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

≥ 3 days/week

23.10 (1.99)c

23.10 (1.99)c

23.13 (1.99)c

23.11 (1.99)c

23.18 (1.99)c

Engaging in strength activities

< 3 days/week

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

≥ 3 days/week

33.84 (2.21)c

33.87 (2.21)c

33.84 (2.21)c

33.85 (2.21)c

33.83 (2.21)c

Environment-level

Offering daily PE

No

 

REF

REF

REF

REF

 

Yes

 

9.28 (4.91)

9.52 (4.77)a

9.19 (4.72)

7.65 (4.50)

Other room for PA

No

  

REF

REF

REF

 

Yes

  

11.66 (5.55)a

10.47 (5.54)

13.32 (5.21)b

Street connectivity

    

-0.04 (0.03)

-0.03 (0.03)

-2LLd

 

130638

130626

130616

130619

130579

  1. Note: a p < 0.05; b p < 0.01, c p < 0.001, d-2LL: -2 Log Likelihood (smaller is better fit); Controlling for potential school-level confounders: area-level SES, school location (rural, suburban, urban), and season of data collection (winter, fall, spring)