Women’s higher likelihood of disability pension: the role of health, family and work. A 5–7 years follow-up of the Hordaland Health Study

Table 2 Risk of disability pension among women compared to men, in a cumulative Cox regression model

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Men	1		1		1		1		1
Women	2.21	1.75–2.80	1.87	1.48–2.37	1.91	1.48–2.46	2.04	1.56–2.68	1.95	1.43–2.65
Mental health (ref = Quartile 1)			1		1		1		1
Quartile 2			1.17	0.82–1.65	1.20	0.83–1.75	1.23	0.84–1.78	1.24	0.85–1.83
Quartile 3			1.02	0.71–1.46	1.10	0.75–1.59	1.10	0.75–1.62	1.12	0.76–1.65
Quartile 4			2.04	1.53–2.72	1.98	1.45–2.71	1.96	1.43–2.70	1.96	1.42–2.72
Physical health (Quartile 1)			1		1		1		1
Quartile 2			1.49	0.86–2.59	1.69	0.94–3.03	1.63	0.91–2.93	1.63	0.91–2.92
Quartile 3			2.50	1.53–4.08	2.70	1.60–4.58	2.49	1.47–4.24	2.34	1.37–4.00
Quartile 4			10.32	6.76–15.75	10.59	6.67–16.81	9.19	5.77–14.63	8.64	5.42–13.77
Married (ref = yes)					1		1		1
No					0.78	0.53–1.14	0.76	0.51–1.13	0.76	0.50–1.14
Ever divorced (ref = no)					1		1		1
Yes					1.83	1.17–2.86	1.75	1.11–2.77	1.86	1.16–2.97
Children < 18 y at home (ref = yes)					1		1		1
No					1.51	1.14–1.99	1.47	1.11–1.95	1.56	1.17–2.07
Spouse social benefit (ref = no)					1		1		1
Yes					1.49	1.03–2.17	1.44	0.99–2.09	1.52	1.05–2.21
Administrative/professional class							1		1
Routine non-manual class							1.22	0.87–1.73	1.23	0.86–1.74
Manual class							2.09	1.52–2.87	2.12	1.51–2.94
>37 working hours per week									1
27-36									0.88	0.63–1.23
<27									1.46	1.05–2.02

Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariate Cox regression models.
Model 1: Gender only.
Model 2: Model 1 + self-perceived health (mental and physical).
Model 3: Model 2 + family situation (married/divorced, living with children <18 years, spouse receives social benefit).
Model 4: Model 3 + occupational class.
Model 5: Model 4 + working hours per week.

ISSN: 1471-2458