Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline

Male/Female

1/15

3/12

3/13

3/14

Age (years)

52 ± 1.8

55 ± 1.2

52 ± 1.1

53 ± 1.3

(40 – 66)

(44 – 62)

(43 – 59)

(43 – 64)

Weight (kg)

85.1 ± 4.2

91.9 ± 4.1

89.3 ± 4.5

90 ± 4

(64.8 – 123)

(65.9 – 124.1)

(71.9 – 127.5)

(62.2 – 122.3)

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

32.4 ± 1.4

32.7 ± 1.3

33 ± 1.3

33.3 ± 1.2

(26 – 48)

(25 – 45.6)

(25.8 – 44.6)

(23.4 – 40.2)

Body Fat % (DXA)

46.5 ± 1.7

44.6 ± 1.9

43.7 ± 1.3

45.8 ± 1.6

(35.9 – 59.9)

(30.7 – 52.5)

(34.6 – 52.2)

(28.8 – 55.5)

Waist Circumference (cm)

100.3 ± 3.6

103.7 ± 2.6

104 ± 3.2

102.2 ± 3.2

(80 – 131)

(82 – 118)

(83.5 – 135.5)

(81.5 – 124.5)

Waist: Hip Ratio

0.85 ± 0.02

0.87 ± 0.02

0.88 ± 0.02

0.86 ± 0.02

(0.75 – 1.01)

(0.76 – 1)

(0.78 – 1.03)

(0.74 – 1.02)

Fasting Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.25 ± 0.17

1.36 ± 0.19

1.27 ± 0.12

1.1 ± 0.1

(0.48 – 2.6)

(0.62 – 3.01)

(0.51 – 2.14)

(0.48 – 1.91)

Fasting Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.51 ± 0.29

5.83 ± 0.32

5.49 ± 0.38

5.71 ± 0.31

(2.59 – 7.12)

(3.58 – 7.87)

(2.92 – 8.95)

(3.74 – 9.2)

Fasting HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.42 ± 0.11

1.38 ± 0.09

1.34 ± 0.08

1.43 ± 0.11

(0.9 – 2.28)

(0.91 – 1.99)

(0.91 – 2.19)

(0.71 – 2.08)

Fasting LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.51 ± 0.26

3.89 ± 0.3

3.56 ± 0.33

3.78 ± 0.27

(1.42 – 5.26)

(2.08 – 6.06)

(1.58 – 7.02)

(2.4 – 6.88)

Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)

5.35 ± 0.13

5.68 ± 0.17

5.81 ± 0.46

5.38 ± 0.13

(4.55 – 6.22)

(4.39 – 7.11)

(4.91 – 7.17)

(4.2 – 6.46)

HOMA2-IR

1.92 ± 0.28

1.72 ± 0.52

1.86 ± 0.18

1.86 ± 0.13

(1 – 4.7)

(0.9 – 2.5)

(0.7 – 3.5)

(1.2 – 2.8)

NEFA (mmol/L)

0.51 ± 0.03

0.5 ± 0.04

0.49 ± 0.04

0.46 ± 0.03

(0.3 – 0.79)

(0.17 – 0.87)

(0.18 – 0.94)

(0.29 – 0.7)