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Table 2 Maternal and infant predictors of presentation to metropolitan emergency departments with ALRI in children aged <5 years

From: Can linked emergency department data help assess the out-of-hospital burden of acute lower respiratory infections? A population-based cohort study

Risk factor

Aboriginal

 

Non-Aboriginal

 

OR (95% CI)

PAF (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

PAF (95% CI)

Male

1.57 (1.32, 1.86)

18.8 (11.5, 25.4)

1.53 (1.46, 1.60)

19.5 (17.5, 21.5)

Gestational age <36 weeks

1.26 (0.99, 1.62)

2.5 (−0.3, 5.2)

1.62 (1.50, 1.75)

3.4 (2.8, 4.0)

Maternal smoking*

0.98 (0.83, 1.17)

-

1.15 (1.08, 1.21)

2.4 (1.4, 3.4)

Maternal asthma*

0.96 (0.75, 1.23)

-

1.38 (1.29, 1.47)

3.6 (2.8, 4.4)

Percent optimal birthweight

    

Low <85%

0.95 (0.77, 1.18)

-

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

-

Normal 85-114%

Reference

 

Reference

 

High ≥115%

1.10 (0.81, 1.50)

0.6 (−1.5, 2.7)

1.07 (1.00, 1.15)

0.7 (−0.01, 1.4)

Previous pregnancies

    

0

Reference

 

Reference

 

1

0.97 (0.75, 1.27)

-

1.13 (1.07, 1.20)

3.3 (1.8, 4.9)

2

1.00 (0.74, 1.38)

0.1 (−3.7, 3.8)

1.30 (1.22, 1.39)

4.3 (3.2, 5.4)

≥3

1.29 (0.97, 1.71)

7.7 (−1.0, 15.7)

1.38 (1.28, 1.47)

5.4 (4.3, 6.6)

Season of birth

    

Spring

Reference

 

Reference

 

Summer

1.14 (0.90, 1.45)

2.6 (−2.2, 7.2)

1.13 (1.06, 1.20)

2.7 (1.3, 4.0)

Autumn

1.10 (0.87, 1.40)

2.0 (−2.9, 6.6)

1.23 (1.16, 1.31)

4.7 (3.4, 6.1)

Winter

1.08 (0.85, 1.38)

1.5 (−3.1, 6.0)

1.10 (1.03, 1.17)

2.0 (0.7, 3.3)

Mode of delivery

    

Vaginal

Reference

 

Reference

 

Instrumental

1.01 (0.71, 1.43)

0.05 (−1.9, 2.0)

1.01 (0.94, 1.08)

0.08 (−0.7, 0.9)

Elective caesarean

1.15 (0.85, 1.55)

1.0 (−1.3, 3.2)

1.25 (1.18, 1.32)

3.4 (2.4, 4.3)

Emergency caesarean

1.18 (0.92, 1.50)

1.9 (−1.1, 4.8)

1.12 (1.05, 1.20)

1.4 (0.6, 2.2)

Maternal age

    

≥35 years

Reference

 

Reference

 

30-34 years

1.09 (0.73, 1.63)

0.9 (−3.4, 5.1)

1.10 (1.03, 1.18)

2.6 (0.9, 4.4)

25-29 years

1.45 (1.00, 2.10)

7.1 (0.2, 13.6)

1.28 (1.19, 1.37)

6.1 (4.4, 7.7)

20-24 years

1.39 (0.95, 2.03)

7.0 (−0.9, 14.4)

1.47 (1.36, 1.59)

5.2 (4.1, 6.3)

<20 years

1.69 (1.10, 2.57)

8.4 (2.1, 14.3)

1.82 (1.62, 2.04)

2.4 (1.9, 2.9)

Socio-economic index†

    

91-100%

Reference

 

Reference

 

76-90%

0.66 (0.22, 1.98)

-

1.01 (0.92, 1.11)

0.2 (−1.1, 1.4)

26-75%

0.92 (0.35, 2.43)

-

1.09 (1.01, 1.19)

3.8 (0.5, 7.0)

11-25%

1.27 (0.48, 3.34)

6.3 (−21.1, 27.5)

1.30 (1.19, 1.42)

4.2 (2.8, 5.5)

0-10%

1.01 (0.38, 2.68)

0.3 (−25.8, 21.0)

1.23 (1.11, 1.37)

1.7 (0.8, 2.5)

  1. *During pregnancy. Relative to no maternal smoking/asthma.
  2. †91-100% is least disadvantaged and 0-10% is most disadvantaged.
  3. Based on 4105 Aboriginal and 117,989 non-Aboriginal births.
  4. Adjusted for year of birth. Population attributable fraction was not calculated where OR < 1.