CY – a voucher program (Gujarat) | JSY – a conditional cash transfer (MP) | |
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Area of Operation | Gujarat (60.4 million) | Nationwide (studied here in Madhya Pradesh) (72.6 million) |
Context | Socioeconomically relatively advanced: MMR half of that in MP (142/100 000), 16% population below the poverty line | Poor socioeconomic indicators, MMR (310/100 000), largely rural province, 38% of the population below the poverty line |
Target group | Mothers below poverty line and tribal mothers | All mothers |
Type of Program | Payment by state to the private provider i.e. obstetrician (voucher based) | CCT – payment by state to the mother (conditional cash transfer) |
Incentive for | Institutional delivery | Institutional delivery |
Accepted place of delivery | Empanelled private sector obstetric facilities | Public sector institutions largely |
Involvement of private sector | Yes | Yes (extremely restricted) |
Payment mechanism | Providers paid per block of 100 deliveries (20% in advance) | Payment to woman at the time of discharge from hospital after delivery |
Quantum of payment | A flat amount of INR 288000($5760) is paid to the obstetrician per 100 women (regardless of delivery type) | INR1400 ($28) to rural mothers on discharge (INR1000 to urban mothers). |
Expected effect | Provides access to EmOC care – which is available more widely | Increase institutional delivery, hence access to EmOC |
Support for Emergency transport | Centralized 108 ambulance system | Decentralized Janani Express model |