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Table 3 Prospective relationships between changes in work factors and improved work ability

From: Changes in work situation and work ability in young female and male workers. A prospective cohort study

 

All workers N = 1,311

Males N = 593 (45%)

Females N = 718 (55%)

   

Univariate analysis1

Multivariate analysis2

  

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis3

  

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis3

 

Exposed

Cases

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

Exposed

Cases

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

Exposed

Cases

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

Changes in physical work factors

                  

Decreased daily computer use in general

201

23

1.7 a

1.10-2.65

1.8

1.15-2.76

94

9

1.8 a

0.89-3.80

  

107

14

1.6 a

0.93-2.85

1.7

0.99-3.00

Increased rests during computer use in general

364

30

1.2

0.76-1.74

  

169

10

1.0

0.49-2.04

  

195

20

1.2

0.75-2.07

  

Decreased time with hands above shoulder level

273

30

1.7 a

1.13-2.55

  

129

12

1.9 a

0.96-3.67

  

144

18

1.6 a

0.95-2.67

  

Decreased time with flexed or extended neck

309

26

1.2

0.76-1.80

  

142

9

1.1

0.53-2.29

  

167

17

1.2

0.72-2.07

  

Decreased time with flexed back

293

25

1.2

0.78-1.86

  

140

10

1.3

0.64-2.63

  

153

15

1.2

0.66-2.00

  

Decreased lifting 5–10 kg

270

21

1.0

0.66-1.67

  

120

9

1.4 a

0.66-2.84

  

150

12

0.9

0.49-1.63

  

Decreased lifting 11–15 kg

223

16

1.0

0.61-1.70

  

132

11

1.6 a

0.80-3.18

  

91

5

0.6

0.24-1.44

  

Decreased lifting 16–25 kg

166

13

1.1

0.64-1.94

  

95

9

1.8

0.88-3.75

  

71

4

0.6

0.23-1.65

  

Decreased lifting > 25 kg

131

11

1.2

0.67-2.24

  

81

7

1.6

0.71-3.50

  

50

4

0.9

0.34-2.39

  

Decreased forceful grip

267

23

1.2

0.78-1.91

  

131

8

1.0

0.49-2.25

  

136

15

1.3

0.77-2.32

  

Decreased use of vibrating tools

46

3

1.0

0.31-3.00

  

31

2

1.1

0.28-4.37

  

15

1

0.8

0.11-5.09

  

Changes in psychosocial work factors

Decreased job demands

236

18

1.0

0.63-1.68

  

107

10

1.8 a

0.90-3.67

  

129

8

0.7

0.32-1.36

  

Increased job control

199

29

2.3 a

1.56-3.52

1.8

1.18-2.83

90

11

2.6 a

1.30-5.04

2.3

1.21-4.54

109

18

2.2 a

1.35-3.71

  

Increased social support at work

239

35

2.5 a

1.68-3.63

2.0

1.34-3.05

103

10

1.9 a

0.94-3.84

  

136

25

2.8 a

1.76-4.50

2.4

1.43-3.95

Increased reward relative to effort

326

39

2.0 a

1.33-2.87

  

133

11

1.6 a

0.80-3.15

  

193

28

2.2 a

1.36-3.48

1.7

1.03-2.82

Decreased negative influence of job demands on private life

349

41

2.0 a

1.34-2.87

1.7

1.13-2.43

149

15

2.2 a

1.18-4.25

2.1

1.10-3.87

200

26

1.8 a

1.13-2.92

  

Decreased work outside the workplace

209

14

0.9

0.51-1.52

  

95

4

0.7

0.24-1.87

  

114

10

1.0

0.52-1.91

  

Decreased overtime work(>12 h/day)

264

20

1.0

0.64-1.64

  

123

10

1.5

0.76-3.10

  

141

10

0.8

0.40-1.48

  

Decreased reachable by mobile phone out of work time

249

21

1.2

0.74-1.86

  

117

7

1.0

0.46-2.27

  

132

14

1.3

0.72-2.23

  

Decreased noise annoyance at the workplace

329

25

1.0

0.66-1.58

  

147

8

0.9

0.42-1.94

  

182

17

1.1

0.64-1.85

  
  1. * The figures in boldface were statistically significant (the lower limit of the 95% CI being > 1.00).
  2. 1 Adjusted for sex.
  3. 2 Backward stepwise analyses, adjusted for sex.
  4. 3 Backward stepwise analyses.
  5. a Work factor with a p-value ≤ 0.2 in the univariate analyses and accordingly included in the starting mutivariate model.
  6. The results are presented for the study sample in whole and for female and male workers separated*.
  7. (N = number of workers, cases = exposed individuals reported improved work ability PR = prevalence ratios, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval).