| OR | Model 1 | OR | Model 2* | OR | Model 3* | OR | Model 4* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||
Immigrant status | ||||||||
 U.S.-born workers (ref.) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Immigrant workers | 0.88 | 0.63-1.21 | 0.91 | 0.61-1.36 | 0.92 | 0.61-1.39 | 0.98 | 0.65-1.47 |
Gender | ||||||||
 Male (ref.) |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Female |  |  | 1.39 | 1.07-1.80 | 1.43 | 1.09-1.86 | 1.34 | 1.03-1.75 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
 18-24 (ref.) |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 25-44 |  |  | 1.28 | 0.85-1.94 | 1.25 | 0.84-1.87 | 1.30 | 0.87-1.95 |
 45-54 |  |  | 1.02 | 0.65-1.60 | 0.96 | 0.61-1.50 | 0.97 | 0.61-1.53 |
 55-64 |  |  | 1.20 | 0.70-2.05 | 1.13 | 0.67-1.91 | 1.14 | 0.67-1.95 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
 White, Non-Hispanic (ref.) |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Black, Non-Hispanic |  |  | 0.99 | 0.69-1.42 | 1.02 | 0.71-1.46 | 1.01 | 0.70-1.44 |
 Hispanic |  |  | 0.85 | 0.59-1.24 | 0.88 | 0.60-1.29 | 0.91 | 0.61-1.35 |
 Asian |  |  | 1.20 | 0.47-3.03 | 1.15 | 0.46-2.92 | 1.07 | 0.42-2.74 |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Married (ref.) |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Widowed/divorced/separated |  |  | 0.78 | 0.57-1.07 | 0.80 | 0.59-1.10 | 0.84 | 0.61-1.14 |
 Never married/others |  |  | 0.70 | 0.52-0.95 | 0.71 | 0.53-0.96 | 0.77 | 0.56-1.04 |
Education | ||||||||
 Less than high school (ref.) |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 High school |  |  | 1.08 | 0.79-1.49 | 1.03 | 0.75-1.42 | 0.95 | 0.69-1.32 |
 College and higher |  |  | 0.97 | 0.70-1.35 | 0.91 | 0.64-1.29 | 0.82 | 0.58-1.18 |
Poverty status | ||||||||
 Poor (<100% FPL) (ref.) |  |  |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Near poor (<100%-124% FPL) |  |  |  |  | 1.48 | 0.80-2.74 | 1.47 | 0.80-2.70 |
 Low income (125%-199% FPL) |  |  |  |  | 1.34 | 0.86-2.11 | 1.27 | 0.81-1.98 |
 Middle income (200-399% FPL) |  |  |  |  | 1.61 | 1.08-2.41 | 1.40 | 0.93-2.12 |
 High income (≥400% FPL) |  |  |  |  | 1.61 | 1.05-2.47 | 1.33 | 0.84-2.09 |
Medical insurance | ||||||||
 Any private (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.00 |  |
 Public insurance only |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.89 | 0.48-1.67 |
 Uninsured |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.56 | 0.42-0.75 |