Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the NGT, IFG/IGT and T2D subjects

47.09 ± 8.47

49.89 ± 6.66^***

52.54 ± 12.07^***###

<0.001

43.18 ± 8.65

46.80 ± 6.64^***

48.90 ± 12.07^***###

<0.001

168.22 ± 7.19

168.22 ± 7.59

169.81 ± 6.89^***###

<0.001

158.04 ± 7.75

158.53 ± 5.49

157.80 ± 5.54

0.133

67.32 ± 9.76

71.30 ± 9.53^***

72.33 ± 11.50^***##

<0.001

56.33 ± 8.19

59.71 ± 8.86^***

60.81 ± 9.97^***

<0.001

23.74 ± 2.92

25.12 ± 2.86^***

25.01 ± 3.35^***

<0.001

22.50 ± 3.08

23.74 ± 3.19^***

24.39 ± 3.59^***##

<0.001

83.47 ± 8.70

87.56 ± 8.23^***

89.87 ± 9.81^***###

<0.001

75.48 ± 7.67

78.92 ± 8.03^***

84.47 ± 9.70^***###

<0.001

95.61 ± 6.30

97.72 ± 6.48^***

97.25 ± 8.56^***

<0.001

93.06 ± 5.92

95.15 ± 6.13^***

95.17 ± 8.91^***

<0.001

0.8717 ± 0.05382

0.8943 ± 0.05194^***

0.9251 ± 0.06421^***###

<0.001

0.8103 ± 0.05402

0.8287 ± 0.05390^***

0.8877 ± 0.07221^***###

<0.001

119.21 ± 17.52

127.18 ± 18.46^***

126.55 ± 16.99^***

<0.001

113.37 ± 17.27

121.29 ± 21.35^***

128.64 ± 19.12^***###

<0.001

78.78 ± 11.43

83.35 ± 11.10^***

81.06 ± 10.45^***###

<0.001

73.42 ± 11.60

77.72 ± 11.88^***

79.56 ± 10.51^***##

<0.001

1.50(0.30-28.86)

1.78(0.42-28.26)^**

1.87(.06-34.15)^***###

<0.001

1.06(0.26-29.31)

1.32(0.36-13.14)^**

1.65(0.24-22.69)^***##

<0.001

5.12(2.37–11.45)

5.34(2.64–14.42)^***

4.93(.04–42.20)^***###

<0.001

5.05(2.19–10.37)

5.22(3.40–7.74)^**

4.93(1.03-15.85)^###

0.002

1.25(0.36–3.82)

1.21(0.41–2.65)^*

1.10(0.09–7.58)^**

0.007

1.42(0.65–2.52)

1.35(0.54–2.23)^*

1.26(0.04-11.11)^*

0.019

3.16(0.94–8.39)

3.32(1.16–10.82)^***

2.82(0.12–12.67)^***###

<0.001

3.12(0.53–7.50)

3.30(1.79–5.35)^**

2.78(0.40-13.50)^***###

<0.001

5.23(3.84–5.59)

5.90(4.57–6.99)^***

7.80(3.84–22.81)^***###

<0.001

5.16(3.90–5.59)

5.82(4.76–6.90)^***

8.43(2.68-16.00)^***###

<0.001