Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants according to sleep duration
From: Association of sleep duration and insulin resistance in Taiwanese vegetarians
Variable | Sleep duration | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
≤ 8 hours,n = 371 | > 8 hours,n = 62 | ||
Sex | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Male | 77 (20.8) | 30 (48.4) | Â |
Female | 294 (79.2) | 32 (51.6) | Â |
Age (years) | 55.9 ± 9.0 | 63.7 ± 8.3 | 0.079 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 2.8 | 23.2 ± 2.3 | 0.238 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 74.0 ± 7.8 | 77.2 ± 7.9 | 0.002 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.3 ± 19.1 | 124.2 ± 19.7 | 0.914 |
Education | Â | Â | 0.033 |
 Primary school and below | 112 (32.1) | 11 (18.3) |  |
 High school and above | 237 (67.9) | 49 (81.7) |  |
Alcohol use | 4 (1.1) | 0 | 1.000 |
Smoking | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1.000 |
Energy expenditure (Kcal × 103/day) | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 0.034 |
Family history of hypertension | 58 (15.6) | 8 (12.9) | 0.704 |
Family history of diabetes | 90 (24.3) | 17 (27.4) | 0.634 |
White blood cell count (×103/μL) | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 0.014 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 0.303 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.36 | 1.18 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.98 ± 0.74 | 2.95 ± 0.60 | 0.902 |
ALT (IU/L) | 22.1 ± 18.6 | 25.4 ± 17.8 | 0.080 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 0.393 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 56.3 ± 17.7 | 60.7 ± 16.2 | 0.013 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.88 ± 0.49 | 5.02 ± 0.47 | 0.037 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 6.2 ± 5.7 | 7.9 ± 6.4 | 0.020 |
HOMA-IR | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.010 |