Table 2 Number of external validity items reported in each study by domain
Author year | Study design | Internal validity grade | External validity domains (maximum possible score) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reach & representat’n (4) | Implementat’n & adaptation (4) | Outcomes (5) | Maintenance & institutionalisat’n (4) | Total (17) | |||
Intervention: Warmth & Energy Efficiency improvements (post 1980) (n = 19) | |||||||
Heyman et al. 2010 | RCT | A | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
Braubach et al. 2008 | CBA | A | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Howden-Chapman et al. 2008 | RCT | A | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Barton et al. 2007 | RCT | A | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
Howden-Chapman et al. 2007 | RCT | A | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
Platt et al. 2007 | CBA | A | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
Lloyd et al. 2008 | CBA | B | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
Shortt et al. 2007 | CBA | B | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
Somerville et al. 2000 | UBA | B | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
Hopton et al. 1996 | CBA | B | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Warm Front Study Group 2006 | RC | C | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 7 |
Allen 2005 a | UBA | C | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Allen 2005 b | UBA | C | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Health Action Kirklees 2005 | R | C | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Eick et al. 2004 | RCT | C | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 9 |
Winder et al. 2003 | UBA | C | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Caldwell et al. 2001 | CBA | C | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 9 |
Green et al. 1999 | RC | C | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Iversen et al. 1986 | CBA | C | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Mean (range) | 1.47 (1–2) | 0.84 (0–2) | 2.37 (0–4) | 1.26 (0–2) | 5.95 (2–9) | ||
Intervention: Rehousing/retrofitting +/− neighbourhood renewal (post 1995) (n = 10) | |||||||
Kearns et al. 2008 | CBA | A | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
Thomson et al. 2007 | CBA | A | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Critchley et al. 2004 | CBA | A | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
Thomas et al. 2005 | CBA | B | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
Barnes et al. 2003 | CBA | B | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Evans et al. 2002 | CBA | B | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Blackman et al. 2001 | UBA | C | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Wells 2000 | UBA | C | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
Ambrose 1999 | UBA | C | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
Halpern 1995 | XUBA | C | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
Mean (range) | 1.6 (0–2) | 0.50 (0–1) | 2.40 (1–4) | 1.50 (0–2) | 6 (3–8) | ||
Intervention: Provision of basic housing needs/developing country intervention (n = 6) | |||||||
Cattaneo et al. 2006 | RC | B | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
Choudhary et al. 2002 | RC | B | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
Aga Khan Health Service 2001 | XCBA | B | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Spiegel et al. 2003 | XCBA | C | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Aiga et al. 2002 | XCBA | C | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
Wolff et al. 2001 | XCBA | C | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Mean (range) | 1.50 (1–2) | 0.67 (0–1) | 2.67 (1–4) | 0.83 (0–1) | 5.5 (4–8) | ||
Intervention: Rehousing from slums (pre 1965) (n = 4) | |||||||
Wilner et al. 1960 | CBA | A | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
McGonigle et al. 1936 | XCBA | B | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
Ferguson 1954 | RC | C | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Chapin 1938 | UBA | C | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 9 |
Mean (range) | 1.75 (1–2) | 0.75 (0–1) | 3.00 (2–4) | 1.50 (1–2) | 7.00 (3–9) | ||
TOTAL (n = 39 studies) MEAN (range) | 1.54 (0–2) | 0.72 (0–2) | 2.49 (0–4) | 1.28 (0–2) | 6.00 (2–9) | ||