Table 1 summary of articles included in the systematic review categorized by life course model
First author, year, reference Country | Study design N | Quality Rating | Gender | Measures of SEP | Model | Outcomes | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mäkinen 2006 [32] Finland | Repeat cross-sectional N = 8970 | Average | 20% male | Childhood SEP: parent’s education level & childhood circumstances. Adulthood SEP: own education level | A | SF-36 MCS | No support. |
Otero-RodrÃguez 2010 [40] Spain | Cohort N = 2117 | Average | 45% male | Childhood SEP: father’s occupation. Own education level. Adulthood SEP: current/last occupation of household head | A | Change in SF-36 MCS | Support for accumulation model – risk of decline in MCS increased linearly with increasing number of low SEPs. |
Singh-Manoux 2004 [6] United Kingdom | Cohort N = 6128 | Average | 72% male | Childhood SEP: father’s occupation & childhood socioeconomic circumstances. Own education level. Adulthood SEP: employment grade | A | SF-36 MCS | Support for accumulation model among men only – risk of being in lowest quintile increased linearly with increasing number of low SEPs. |
Huurre 2003 [41] Finland | Cohort N = 1592 | Higher | 45% male | Childhood SEP: father's occupation. Adulthood SEP: own occupation | L | Wellbeing | Support for latent model among women only – lower childhood SEP associated with poorer wellbeing. |
Marmot 1998 [38] United States | Cross-sectional N = 3032 | Average | 48% male | Childhood SEP: parent’s education level. Adulthood SEP: own education level | L | Wellbeing | Some support for latent model among women who had mothers with lowest education – lower childhood SEP associated with poorer wellbeing. |
Otero-RodrÃguez 2010 [40] Spain | Cohort N = 2117 | Average | 45% male | Childhood SEP: father’s occupation. Own education level. Adulthood SEP: current/last occupation of household head | L | Change in SF-36 MCS | Support for latent model – low childhood SEP associated with highest risk of decline and improvement in MCS. |
Laaksonen 2007 [31] Finland | Repeat cross-sectional N = 8970 | Average | 20% male | Childhood SEP: parent’s education level. Adulthood SEP: own education level, income & occupation | L & P | SF-36 MCS | No evidence for latent model in men or women. Support for pathway model in men & women – higher adulthood SEP associated with increased risk of low MCS. |
Mäkinen 2006 [32] Finland | Repeat cross-sectional N = 8970 | Average | 20% male | Childhood SEP: parent’s education level. Adulthood SEP: own education level | L & P | SF-36 MCS | Support for latent model in women only – higher childhood SEP associated with increased risk of low MCS. No support for pathway model in men or women. |
Blane 2004 [39] United Kingdom | Cohort N = 254 | Poorer | 47% male | Inter-generational mobility: father’s occupation & respondent’s longest held occupation. Intra-generational mobility: respondent’s occupation aged 25 & 50 years | SM (inter & intra) | CASP-19 | No support. |
Otero-RodrÃguez 2010 [40] Spain | Cohort N = 2117 | Average | 45% male | Inter-generational mobility: father’s occupation & current or last occupation of household head | SM (inter) | Change in SF-36 MCS | Support for social mobility – upwardly mobile more likely to experience change in MCS scores. No evidence for downwardly mobile. |
Runyan 1980 [37] United States | Cohort N = 91 | Poorer | 49% male | Inter-generational mobility: father’s occupation & respondent’s occupation aged around 38 years | SM (inter) | Life satisfaction | No support. |
Breeze 2001 [35] United Kingdom | Cohort N = 7041 | Average | 100% male | Intra-generational mobility: employment grade at baseline & employment grade at retirement | SM (intra) | SF-36 MCS | Support for intra-generational effect – upwardly mobile less likely to have poor MCS score. |
Houle 2011 [42] United States | Cohort N = 4992 | Higher | 100% male | Intra-generational mobility: occupation aged around 36 years & 52 years | SM (intra) | Wellbeing | No support intra-generational effect – mobile individuals more likely to report wellbeing resembling current class than prior class. |
Huang and Sverke 2007 [33] Sweden | Cohort N = 291 | Average | 100% female | Intra-generational mobility: respondent’s occupational history from ages 16 to 43 years | SM (intra) | Life satisfaction | No support. |
Johansson 2007 [34] Sweden | Cohort N = 514 | Average | 100% female | Intra-generational mobility: respondent’s occupational history from ages 16 to 43 | SM (intra) | Life satisfaction & wellbeing | Life satisfaction: no support. Wellbeing: some support – downwardly mobile reported lower wellbeing. |