Mäkinen 2006 [32] Finland
|
Repeat cross-sectional N = 8970
|
Average
|
20% male
|
Childhood SEP: parent’s education level & childhood circumstances. Adulthood SEP: own education level
|
A
|
SF-36 MCS
|
No support.
|
Otero-Rodríguez 2010 [40] Spain
|
Cohort N = 2117
|
Average
|
45% male
|
Childhood SEP: father’s occupation. Own education level. Adulthood SEP: current/last occupation of household head
|
A
|
Change in SF-36 MCS
|
Support for accumulation model – risk of decline in MCS increased linearly with increasing number of low SEPs.
|
Singh-Manoux 2004 [6] United Kingdom
|
Cohort N = 6128
|
Average
|
72% male
|
Childhood SEP: father’s occupation & childhood socioeconomic circumstances. Own education level. Adulthood SEP: employment grade
|
A
|
SF-36 MCS
|
Support for accumulation model among men only – risk of being in lowest quintile increased linearly with increasing number of low SEPs.
|
Huurre 2003 [41] Finland
|
Cohort N = 1592
|
Higher
|
45% male
|
Childhood SEP: father's occupation. Adulthood SEP: own occupation
|
L
|
Wellbeing
|
Support for latent model among women only – lower childhood SEP associated with poorer wellbeing.
|
Marmot 1998 [38] United States
|
Cross-sectional N = 3032
|
Average
|
48% male
|
Childhood SEP: parent’s education level. Adulthood SEP: own education level
|
L
|
Wellbeing
|
Some support for latent model among women who had mothers with lowest education – lower childhood SEP associated with poorer wellbeing.
|
Otero-Rodríguez 2010 [40] Spain
|
Cohort N = 2117
|
Average
|
45% male
|
Childhood SEP: father’s occupation. Own education level. Adulthood SEP: current/last occupation of household head
|
L
|
Change in SF-36 MCS
|
Support for latent model – low childhood SEP associated with highest risk of decline and improvement in MCS.
|
Laaksonen 2007 [31] Finland
|
Repeat cross-sectional N = 8970
|
Average
|
20% male
|
Childhood SEP: parent’s education level. Adulthood SEP: own education level, income & occupation
|
L & P
|
SF-36 MCS
|
No evidence for latent model in men or women. Support for pathway model in men & women – higher adulthood SEP associated with increased risk of low MCS.
|
Mäkinen 2006 [32] Finland
|
Repeat cross-sectional N = 8970
|
Average
|
20% male
|
Childhood SEP: parent’s education level. Adulthood SEP: own education level
|
L & P
|
SF-36 MCS
|
Support for latent model in women only – higher childhood SEP associated with increased risk of low MCS. No support for pathway model in men or women.
|
Blane 2004 [39] United Kingdom
|
Cohort N = 254
|
Poorer
|
47% male
|
Inter-generational mobility: father’s occupation & respondent’s longest held occupation. Intra-generational mobility: respondent’s occupation aged 25 & 50 years
|
SM (inter & intra)
|
CASP-19
|
No support.
|
Otero-Rodríguez 2010 [40] Spain
|
Cohort N = 2117
|
Average
|
45% male
|
Inter-generational mobility: father’s occupation & current or last occupation of household head
|
SM (inter)
|
Change in SF-36 MCS
|
Support for social mobility – upwardly mobile more likely to experience change in MCS scores. No evidence for downwardly mobile.
|
Runyan 1980 [37] United States
|
Cohort N = 91
|
Poorer
|
49% male
|
Inter-generational mobility: father’s occupation & respondent’s occupation aged around 38 years
|
SM (inter)
|
Life satisfaction
|
No support.
|
Breeze 2001 [35] United Kingdom
|
Cohort N = 7041
|
Average
|
100% male
|
Intra-generational mobility: employment grade at baseline & employment grade at retirement
|
SM (intra)
|
SF-36 MCS
|
Support for intra-generational effect – upwardly mobile less likely to have poor MCS score.
|
Houle 2011 [42] United States
|
Cohort N = 4992
|
Higher
|
100% male
|
Intra-generational mobility: occupation aged around 36 years & 52 years
|
SM (intra)
|
Wellbeing
|
No support intra-generational effect – mobile individuals more likely to report wellbeing resembling current class than prior class.
|
Huang and Sverke 2007 [33] Sweden
|
Cohort N = 291
|
Average
|
100% female
|
Intra-generational mobility: respondent’s occupational history from ages 16 to 43 years
|
SM (intra)
|
Life satisfaction
|
No support.
|
Johansson 2007 [34] Sweden
|
Cohort N = 514
|
Average
|
100% female
|
Intra-generational mobility: respondent’s occupational history from ages 16 to 43
|
SM (intra)
|
Life satisfaction & wellbeing
|
Life satisfaction: no support. Wellbeing: some support – downwardly mobile reported lower wellbeing.
|