Table 3 Participant characteristics by income trajectory
|  | Stable Low (Class 1) | Unstable → Low (Class 2) | Low → Adequate (Class 3) | Unstable → Adequate (Class 4) | Stable Adequate (Class 5) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birth – 1 Month of Age |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Birth Weight (g) | 3345 (469) | 3481 (557) | 3550 (526) | 3550 (506) | 3520 (498) | <.001 |
Low Birth Weight (% < 2500 g) | 4.3 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.9 | .161 |
Female Gender (%) | 50.7 | 45.5 | 39.3 | 48.7 | 50.0 | .175 |
White/Caucasian (%) | 48.6 | 68.3 | 73.1 | 84.8 | 88.1 | <.001 |
Mother’s Age (years) | 23.6 (5.1) | 26.3 (5.7) | 25.1 (5.2) | 29.1 (5.2) | 30.9 (4.1) | <.001 |
Mother’s Education (years) | 12.1 (1.8) | 13.1 (1.9) | 13.1 (2.2) | 14.2 (2.1) | 15.7 (2.1) | <.001 |
Income-to-Needs Ratio | 0.5 (.6) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0) | 2.6 (2.1) | 4.3 (2.8) | <.001 |
15 Years of Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
BMI Percentile | 76.2 (22.5) | 75.2 (24.2) | 66.5 (25.5) | 64.3 (26.8) | 60.6 (27.4) | <.001 |
Overweight/Obese (% ≥ 85th percentile) | 48.1 | 46.3 | 33.3 | 28.3 | 22.4 | <.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 79.2 (15.0) | 79.5 (12.6) | 77.1 (12.1) | 74.8 (11.0) | 73.6 (11.3) | <.001 |
Skinfold Thickness (mm) | 32.0 (15.7) | 31.1 (13.5) | 27.6 (13.2) | 28.1 (12.2) | 25.3 (10.9) | <.001 |
Income-to-Needs Ratio | 1.4 (.9) | 1.7 (1.1) | 4.0 (3.4) | 4.1 (3.2) | 7.9 (7.0) | <.001 |