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Table 2 Univariable analysis of risk factors for depressive symptoms in children aged 10 to 11 years, Ribeirão Preto (2004/05)

From: Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

Variables

N*

% depressive symptoms (weighted)

Prevalence Ratio

95 % Confidence Interval

Sex

    

Male

393

4.5

Reference

 

Female

381

3.3

0.74

0.35 - 1.55

Low birth weight

    

No

613

3.5

Reference

 

Yes

161

9.5

2.72

1.40 - 5.28

Preterm birth

    

No

595

3.9

Reference

 

Yes

179

4.0

1.02

0.47 - 2.21

Maternal schooling (years)

    

0 to 4

153

7.3

4.60

1.51 - 13.99

5 to 8

296

4.6

2.85

0.96 - 8.49

≥9

261

1.6

Reference

 

Number of household members

    

1 to 4

503

3.0

0.44

0.21 - 0.92

≥ 5

237

6.7

Reference

 

Parity

    

1

306

2.2

0.48

0.19 - 1.23

2 to 4

414

4.6

Reference

 

≥5

46

10.0

2.15

0.73 - 6.28

Maternal smoking

    

No

584

3.6

Reference

 

Yes

157

6.2

1.72

0.78 - 3.82

Maternal age (years)

    

<20

126

3.9

1.01

0.36 - 2.79

20 to 34

554

3.9

Reference

 

≥35

93

4.4

1.15

0.40 - 3.29

Paternal age (years)

    

<20

43

6.7

2.33

0.63 - 8.69

20 to 34

514

2.9

Reference

 

≥35

170

5.2

1.78

0.75 - 4.23

Maternal job

    

No

457

5.2

Reference

 

Yes

285

2.4

0.46

0.19 - 1.10

Occupation of family head

    

Non-manual

151

0.5

Reference

 

Manual skilled and semi-skilled

455

4.6

8.67

1.97 - 38.06

Manual unskilled and unemployed

126

6.7

12.57

2.62 - 60.37

Marital status

    

Married

482

2.7

0.37

0.16 - 0.85

Consensual union

153

7.3

Reference

 

No companion

104

6.4

0.88

0.32 - 2.41

  1. *Totals (n = 774) may differ for some variables because of missing data.