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Table 1 Univariable analysis of risk factors for depressive symptoms in children aged 7 to 9 years, São Luís (2005/06)

From: Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

Variables

N*

% depressive symptoms (weighted)

Prevalence Ratio

95 % Confidence Interval

Sex

    

Male

346

15.1

Reference

 

Female

324

12.2

0.80

0.54 - 1.20

Low birth weight

    

No

590

13.7

Reference

 

Yes

80

13.0

0.95

0.49 - 1.85

Preterm birth

    

No

583

13.3

Reference

 

Yes

87

17.6

1.33

0.74 - 2.38

Maternal schooling (years)

    

0 to 4

102

18.7

2.05

1.15 - 3.65

5 to 8

300

15.9

1.74

1.08 - 2.82

≥9

268

9.1

Reference

 

Number of household members

    

1 to 4

254

14.3

1.07

0.71 - 1.60

≥ 5

415

13.4

Reference

 

Parity

    

1

315

12.4

0.81

0.54 - 1.22

2 to 4

320

15.2

Reference

 

≥5

35

11.0

0.72

0.24 - 2.16

Maternal smoking

    

No

642

13.6

Reference

 

Yes

28

16.9

1.25

0.50 - 3.11

Maternal age (years)

    

<20

199

16.1

1.30

0.85 - 1.98

20 to 34

440

12.4

Reference

 

≥35

31

16.7

1.34

0.56 – 3.24

Paternal age (years)

    

<20

57

21.9

1.68

0.94 - 2.98

20 to 34

491

13.1

Reference

 

≥35

106

12.6

0.97

0.54 - 1.73

Maternal job

    

No

531

14.9

Reference

 

Yes

139

9.5

0.64

0.36 - 1.12

Occupation of family head

    

Non-manual

105

8.5

Reference

 

Manual skilled and semi-skilled

317

14.9

1.75

0.85 - 3.59

Manual unskilled and unemployed

225

15.3

1.79

0.86 - 3.75

Marital status

    

Married

198

13.2

0.92

0.57 - 1.48

Consensual union

313

14.3

Reference

 

No companion

159

13.1

0.92

0.56 - 1.51

  1. *Totals (n = 670) may differ for some variables because of missing data.