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Table 1 Chronic adolescent food insecurity by household food insecurity and socio-demographic characteristics at baseline

From: Predictors of chronic food insecurity among adolescents in Southwest Ethiopia: a longitudinal study

Baseline characteristics

n

Adolescent chronic food security status

P

  

Food secure

Food insecure

 

Household income (tertiles)

 Low

633

82.6%

17.4%

<0.001

 Middle

653

84.1%

15.9%

 High

625

91.5%

8.5%

Residence

 Urban

671

86.4%

13.6%

0.383

 Semi-urban

549

84.3%

15.7%

 Rural

691

87.0%

13.0%

Household food security status

 Food secure

1154

91.7%

8.3%

<0.001

 Food insecure

757

77.4%

22.6%

Sex

 Female

917

84.1%

15.9%

0.018

 Male

994

87.8%

12.2%

Educational status of the adolescent

 Primary (grade 0-8)

1582

85.6%

14.4%

<0.001

 Secondary and above (grade >9)

329

93.0%

7.0%

Dependency ratio (tertiles)

 Low

584

88.9%

11.1%

0.002

 Middle

686

87.2%

12.8%

 High

641

82.2%

17.8%

Household size (mean ± SD)

1911

8.4 (3.4)

8.5 (3.4)

0.6461

Age of adolescents in years (mean ± SD)

1911

14.7 (1.3)

14.8 (1.3)

0.755

Sex of the household head

 Male

1568

86.8%

13.2%

0.038

 Female

343

82.5%

17.5%

Maternal education

 Illiterate

1096

84.8%

15.2%

0.003

 Primary

592

85.8%

14.2%

 Secondary and above

195

93.8%

6.2%

Paternal education

 Illiterate

624

85.1%

14.9%

<0.001

 Primary

773

84.5%

15.5%

 Secondary and above

420

92.4%

7.6%

Season of the Year

  Spring

865

85.3%

14.7%

0.642

  Winter

252

85.7%

14.3%

 

  Summer

794

86.9%

13.1%

 

  All

1911

86.0%

14.0%

 
  1. Jimma Longitudinal Family Survey of Youth; Round 1(2005/2006); Round 2(2006/2007).
  2. Means and proportions were compared using t-test and Chi-square tests, respectively.
  3. †Means with standard deviations in brackets are shown, unless otherwise indicated.
  4. SD: Standard deviation.