Table 1 Industrial groups used. Number of installations, towns lying within <2 km and amounts of selected carcinogenic pollutants released to air (in Tn) (Spain 2007)

1 Combustion installations

1.c

138

43

2.639

13.107

0.718

0.026

3.963

18.052

0.001

3.616

0.807

2 Refineries and coke ovens

1.a, 1.d

12

5

0.313

24.193

0.457

85.70

1.858

41.130

0.927

3 Production and processing of metals

2.a, 2.b, 2.c.i, 2.c.ii, 2.d, 2.e

172

98

3.630

62.949

1.263

5.903

1.730

0.485

37.671

4 Galvanisation

2.c.iii

36

22

0.025

0.011

0.003

0.040

0.523

5 Surface treatment of metals and plastic

2.f

248

156

0.008

0.635

0.031

1.749

4.581

0.235

11.711

6 Mining industry

3.a, 3.b

33

14

7 Cement and lime

3.c, 3.d

70

35

0.345

38.359

0.261

0.044

0.791

0.838

0.001

1.821

8 Glass and mineral fibres

3.e, 3.f

56

20

0.536

1.647

0.178

0.006

3.546

2.471

0.300

8.139

9 Ceramics

3.g

457

159

0.479

16.797

0.922

0.015

1.598

6.008

10.661

10 Organic chemical industry

4.a

149

77

0.051

68.357

0.016

0.026

1.294

0.566

0.001

0.245

3.802

11 Inorganic chemical industry

4.b

70

28

0.001

0.059

0.023

0.011

0.142

0.244

12 Fertilisers

4.c

23

19

0.003

0.009

0.003

0.010

0.006

0.110

0.004

13 Biocides

4.d

12

8

14 Pharmaceutical products

4.e

55

35

0.008

0.001

0.185

15 Explosives and pyrotechnics

4.f

58

28

16 Hazardous waste

5.a, 5.b

90

42

0.055

0.032

0.012

0.120

0.145

0.010

0.309

0.062

17 Non-hazardous waste

5.c, 5.d

144

29

0.010

0.151

0.004

0.008

0.020

0.205

0.004

0.932

18 Disposal or recycling of animal waste

5.e

38

22

0.006

0.001

0.004

0.021

0.196

0.009

19 Urban waste-water treatment plants

5.f, 5.g

86

32

0.177

20 Paper and wood production

6.a, 6.b, 6.c

88

70

0.028

2.407

0.048

0.232

1.613

0.105

21 Pre-treatment or dyeing of textiles

9.a

25

24

0.081

22 Tanning of hides and skins

9.b

2

2

23 Food and beverage sector

8.a, 8.b, 8.c

310

157

0.015

0.009

0.017

0.019

0.011

0.814

0.018

24 Intensive rearing of poultry or pigs

7.a

1783

-

0.002

26 Surface treatment using organic solvents

9.c

80

48

0.001

0.008

0.010

0.053

0.048

0.007

0.009

27 Production of carbon or electro-graphite

9.d

2

0

28 Ship building

9.e

8

4

0.006