Table 4 Barriers to help seeking by gender, ethnicity, age and knowing someone with cancer
From: Cancer awareness among adolescents in Britain: a cross-sectional study
Barrier % Yes (n) | Gender (n = 478) | Ethnicity (n = 470) | Age (n = 458) | Knew someone with cancer (n = 441) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Significance* | White | Other | Significance* | Child | Teenager | Significance* | Yes | No | Significance* | |
(n = 250) | (n = 228) | (n = 438) | (n = 32) | (n = 108) | (n = 350) | (n = 292) | (n = 149) | |||||
Emotional Barriers | ||||||||||||
Worried about what the doctor might find | 62.7 (156) | 82.4 (187) | χ 2 (1, 476) = 22.95 | 72.5 (316) | 62.5 (20) | χ2(1, 468) = 1.47 | 75.9 (82) | 71.3 (248) | χ2(1, 456) = 0.90 | 74.7 (218) | 68.7 (101) | χ2(1, 439) = 1.74 |
p < 0.001 | p = 0.226 | p = 0.344 | p = 0.187 | |||||||||
Too scared | 43.8 (109) | 66.8 (151) | χ 2 (1, 475) = 25.38 | 55.2 (240) | 50.0 (16) | χ2(1, 467) = 0.32 | 46.7 (50) | 57.8 (201) | χ2(1, 455) = 4.03 | 57.9 (169) | 47.3 (69) | χ 2 (1, 438) = 4.42 |
p < 0.001 | p = 0.570 | p = 0.045 | p = 0.035 | |||||||||
Too embarrassed | 46.0 (114) | 67.3 (152) | χ 2 (1, 474) = 21.76 | 56.7 (246) | 50.0 (16) | χ2(1, 466) = 0.54 | 49.5 (53) | 58.5 (203) | χ2(1,454) = 2.68 | 58.1 (169) | 50.0 (73) | χ2(1, 437) = 2.57 |
p < 0.001 | p = 0.462 | p = 0.102 | p = 0.109 | |||||||||
Not confident to talk about symptoms | 46.6 (116) | 61.5 (139) | χ 2 (1, 475) = 10.60 | 54.7 (238) | 40.6 (13) | χ2(1, 467) = 2.38 | 54.2 (58) | 54.3 (189) | χ2(1, 455) < 0.01 | 54.1 (158) | 50.7 (74) | χ2(1, 438) = 0.46 |
p = 0.001 | p = 0.123 | p = 0.985 | p = 0.498 | |||||||||
Practical Barriers | ||||||||||||
Too busy | 23.0 (57) | 23.5 (53) | χ2(1, 474) = 0.01 | 22.4 (97) | 28.1 (9) | χ2(1,466) = 0.57 | 15.0 (16) | 25.6 (89) | χ 2 (1, 454) = 5.26 | 21.2 (62) | 23.4 (34) | χ2(1, 437) = 0.28 |
p = 0.904 | p = 0.452 | p = 0.022 | p = 0.598 | |||||||||
Other things to worry about | 17.0 (42) | 21.2 (48) | χ2(1, 473) = 1.37 | 18.7 (81) | 19.4 (6) | χ2(1, 465) = 0.01 | 13.1 (14) | 21.1 (73) | χ2(1, 453) = 3.38 | 18.3 (53) | 17.8 (26) | χ2(1, 436) = 0.01 |
p = 0.241 | p = 0.924 | p = 0.066 | p = 0.905 | |||||||||
Difficult to arrange transport | 16.5 (41) | 14.2 (32) | χ2(1, 475) = 0.49 | 13.6 (59) | 31.3 (10) | χ 2 (1, 467) = 7.41 | 16.8 (18) | 14.9 (52) | χ2(1, 455) = 0.22 | 13.4 (39) | 17.1 (25) | χ2(1, 438) = 1.11 |
p = 0.486 | p = 0.016† | p = 0.637 | p = 0.293 | |||||||||
Service Barriers | ||||||||||||
Difficult to make an appointment | 19.8 (49) | 21.2 (48) | χ2(1, 473) = 0.14 | 19.4 (84) | 31.3 (10) | χ2(1, 465) = 2.60 | 15.9 (17) | 21.6 (75) | χ2(1, 454) = 1.66 | 20.3 (59) | 17.8 (26) | χ2(1, 436) = 0.40 |
p = 0.706 | p = 0.107 | p = 0.198 | p = 0.528 | |||||||||
Worried about wasting the doctor’s time | 27.3 (68) | 39.6 (89) | χ 2 (1, 474) = 8.00 | 33.8 (147) | 28.1 (9) | χ2(1, 467) = 0.43 | 33.6 (36) | 33.9 (118) | χ2(1, 455) < 0.01 | 32.9 (96) | 31.0 (45) | χ2(1, 437) = 0.15 |
p = 0.005 | p = 0.512 | p = 0.960 | p = 0.698 | |||||||||
Difficult to talk to doctor | 30.6 (76) | 38.5 (87) | χ2(1, 474) = 3.23 | 34.1 (148) | 34.4 (11) | χ2(1, 466) < 0.01 | 37.4 (40) | 33.4 (116) | χ2(1, 454) = 0.57 | 34.4 (100) | 29.5 (43) | χ2(1, 437) = 1.07 |
p = 0.072 | p = 0.975 | p = 0.452 | p = 0.302 | |||||||||