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Table 6 Insomnia-related symptoms: associations with socioeconomic factors

From: Sociodemographic and socioeconomic differences in sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms in Finnish adults

 

Model 1 Adjusted for age and gender

Model 2 Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, children and area

Model 3 Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, children, area, education, parental education, employment status and income

Model 4 Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, children, area, education, parental education, employment status, income and self-perceived health

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

PARENTAL EDUCATION

        

Occasional symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 High

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Intermediate

0.90 (0.62, 1.32)

0.60

0.90 (0.62, 1.31)

0.59

0.89 (0.60, 1.30)

0.53

0.90 (0.61, 1.33)

0.59

 Low

1.13 (0.84, 1.53)

0.41

1.13 (0.83, 1.52)

0.44

1.06 (0.77, 1.45)

0.72

1.03 (0.75, 1.41)

0.87

 Do not know

0.52 (0.26, 1.06)

0.07

0.52 (0.25, 1.05)

0.07

0.54 (0.26, 1.13)

0.10

0.57 (0.27, 1.18)

0.13

Frequent symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 High

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Intermediate

1.09 (0.68, 1.73)

0.72

1.10 (0.69, 1.75)

0.70

1.00 (0.62, 1.61)

1.00

1.04 (0.63, 1.72)

0.88

 Low

1.07 (0.73, 1.56)

0.73

1.03 (0.70, 1.51)

0.88

0.82 (0.55, 1.24)

0.35

0.80 (0.52, 1.23)

0.31

 Do not know

1.43 (0.77, 2.63)

0.25

1.40 (0.76, 2.61)

0.28

1.01 (0.52, 1.96)

0.97

1.11 (0.52, 2.39)

0.78

Global P-value

0.08

 

0.08

 

0.16

 

0.15

 

n

5445

 

5437

 

5307

 

5300

 

OWN EDUCATION

        

Occasional symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 high (> 12)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 medium (10-12)

1.06 (0.89, 1.26)

0.54

1.05 (0.88, 1.25)

0.59

0.99 (0.83, 1.18)

0.89

0.94 (0.78, 1.12)

0.47

 low (7–9)

1.15 (0.96, 1.38)

0.12

1.13 (0.94, 1.35)

0.19

1.03 (0.84, 1.24)

0.80

0.92 (0.76, 1.12)

0.42

 very low (< 7)

0.97 (0.73, 1.30)

0.83

0.94 (0.70, 1.25)

0.65

0.78 (0.57, 1.06)

0.11

0.69 (0.50, 0.95)

0.02

Frequent symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 high (> 12)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 medium (10–12)

1.42 (1.12, 1.80)

0.004

1.34 (1.06, 1.71)

0.02

1.27 (0.96, 1.67)

0.09

1.14 (0.86, 1.51)

0.36

 low (7–9)

1.56 (1.22, 1.99)

0.0004

1.48 (1.15, 1.89)

0.002

1.19 (0.89, 1.58)

0.24

0.93 (0.69, 1.26)

0.63

 very low (< 7)

1.26 (0.88, 1.80)

0.20

1.30 (0.89, 1.90)

0.17

1.03 (0.68, 1.56)

0.90

0.75 (0.47, 1.17)

0.20

Global P-value

0.01

 

0.07

 

0.33

 

0.19

 

n

5560

 

5550

 

5307

 

5300

 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME LEVEL

        

Occasional symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 Highest income quartile

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 3rd

0.95 (0.79, 1.14)

0.58

1.02 (0.84, 1.24)

0.82

1.02 (0.84, 1.23)

0.83

0.99 (0.82, 1.20)

0.92

 2nd

1.22 (1.02, 1.47)

0.03

1.33 (1.10, 1.61)

0.004

1.28 (1.05, 1.56)

0.01

1.21 (0.98, 1.48)

0.07

 lowest income quartile

1.27 (1.04, 1.54)

0.02

1.36 (1.11, 1.66)

0.003

1.27 (1.02, 1.58)

0.03

1.18 (0.95, 1.47)

0.13

Frequent symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 Highest income quartile

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 3rd

1.03 (0.80, 1.33)

0.83

1.23 (0.93, 1.62)

0.15

1.03 (0.77, 1.38)

0.83

1.01 (0.75, 1.36)

0.96

 2nd

1.48 (1.16, 1.88)

0.002

1.77 (1.37, 2.28)

<0.0001

1.33 (1.00, 1.77)

0.05

1.19 (0.88, 1.59)

0.25

 lowest income quartile

1.89 (1.46, 2.45)

<0.0001

2.32 (1.77, 3.04)

<0.0001

1.54 (1.13, 2.09)

0.006

1.35 (0.98, 1.86)

0.06

Global P-value

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 

0.006

 

0.15

 

n

5453

 

5453

 

5307

 

5300

 

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

        

Occasional symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 Working

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Unemployed

1.49 (1.17, 1.91)

0.001

1.44 (1.13, 1.83)

0.004

1.25 (0.96, 1.62)

0.10

1.16 (0.89, 1.52)

0.27

 Disability pension

1.34 (1.00, 1.79)

0.05

1.29 (0.96, 1.73)

0.09

1.19 (0.88, 1.61)

0.26

0.96 (0.71, 1.30)

0.80

 Old age retirement

0.97 (0.73, 1.28)

0.81

0.93 (0.70, 1.24)

0.62

0.84 (0.62, 1.13)

0.24

0.86 (0.64, 1.16)

0.32

 Other pension

0.99 (0.65, 1.49)

0.94

0.93 (0.61, 1.41)

0.72

0.82 (0.53, 1.28)

0.39

0.83 (0.54, 1.28)

0.39

 Other

1.54 (1.07, 2.20)

0.02

1.58 (1.09, 2.29)

0.02

1.32 (0.89, 1.95)

0.16

1.31 (0.89, 1.93)

0.17

Frequent symptoms vs. Good sleepers

        

 Working

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Unemployed

3.19 (2.42, 4.21)

<0.0001

3.02 (2.29, 3.98)

<0.0001

2.48 (1.81, 3.38)

<0.0001

2.00 (1.45, 2.76)

<0.0001

 Disability pension

3.30 (2.34, 4.67)

<0.0001

3.36 (2.38, 4.73)

<0.0001

2.88 (1.99, 4.17)

<0.0001

1.69 (1.14, 2.50)

0.009

 Old age retirement

1.15 (0.79, 1.69)

0.46

1.31 (0.89, 1.93)

0.17

1.17 (0.78, 1.74)

0.45

1.12 (0.74, 1.68)

0.59

 Other pension

1.40 (0.82, 2.39)

0.22

1.44 (0.85, 2.45)

0.18

1.30 (0.74, 2.28)

0.36

1.26 (0.71, 2.23)

0.43

 Other

1.69 (1.04, 2.75)

0.03

2.10 (1.29, 3.42)

0.003

1.61 (0.94, 2.76)

0.08

1.47 (0.87, 2.49)

0.15

Global P-value

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 

0.0004

 

n

5578

 

5568

 

5307

 

5300

 
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