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Table 2 Results of meta-analysis of the studies on association between factors and suicide in Chinese population

From: Factors associated with suicidal behaviors in mainland China: a meta-analysis

Factors

No. of studies

No. of participants

Variance between studies

Pooled OR

95% CI

Test for overall effect (p)

Q(p)

I2(%)

Suicide ideation

Demographic characteristics

Gender (female)

27

71546

<0.00001

88

1.43

1.25, 1.64

<0.00001 ※

Rural residence

15

51850

<0.00001

78

0.99

0.87, 1.12

0.85※

Lower education

9

33749

<0.00001

95

1.39

0.91,2.13

0. 13※

Poor economy

8

13260

0.004

66

1.16

0.91,1.49

0.24※

Psychiatric or psychological factors

Mood disorder

6

15842

<0.00001

86

5.12

3.78, 6.94

<0.00001 ※

Socio-family environment

*Special family

8

11490

0.07

46

1.55

1.23, 1.96

<0.00001 ※

One child in family

11

23486

0.04

47

1.04

0.96, 1.13

0.33★

Poor relationship with families

2

2345

0.25

26

2.31

1.53, 3.54

0.0001 ★

Poor academic achievement

6

9354

0.44

0

1.25

1.08, 1.44

0.003 ★

Study pressure

3

12590

0.16

46

1.27

1.17,1.38

<0.00001 ※

Lifestyle/Behaviors

Smoking

4

9197

0.21

34

1.67

1.45, 1.92

<0.00001 ★

Alcohol

4

10437

0.17

41

1.96

1.69, 2.27

<0.00001 ★

Drug use

3

5280

0.37

0

1.97

1.39, 2.80

0.0001 ★

Stressful life events

Physical illness

9

22639

<0.00001

98

4.82

1.24, 18.68

0.01 ※

Suicide of relatives

4

14163

0.002

80

3.02

1.81,5.04

<0. 0001 ※

Suicide attempt

Demographic characteristics

Gender (female)

13

3462

<0.00001

79

1.09

0.80, 1.50

0.59※

rural residence

7

12006

0.004

69

0.78

0.53, 1.15

0.21※

Currently unmarried

5

24938

0.06

60

1.19

0.88, 1.60

0.27★

Lower education

2

2954

0.05

75

1.24

0.80, 1.90

0.34※

Psychiatric or psychological factors

Mood disorder

4

19277

<0.00001

88

2.74

1.31, 5.74

0.007

Socio-family environment

Poor relationship with families

4

15371

0.15

43

3.64

2.97, 4.47

<0.00001 ★

One child in family

2

3100

0.69

0

1.77

1.26, 2.49

0.001 ★

Lifestyle/Behaviors

Smoking

4

7995

0.18

39

1.79

1.36, 2.35

<0.0001 ★

Alcohol use

3

7798

0.37

0

2.50

1.86, 3.36

<0.00001 ★

Drug use

2

5889

0.23

30

7.33

4.60, 11.67

<0.00001 ★

Stressful life events

Poor physical health

4

8685

0.04

65

2.44

0.93, 6.41

0.07★

Suicide of relatives

3

13016

0.97

0

4.80

3.12, 7.39

<0.00001 ★

Completed suicide

Demographic characteristics

Gender (female)

4

397382

<0.01

73

2.35

1. 15, 4.78

0.02 ※

Lower education

4

398072

0.003

79

2.33

1.48, 3.66

0.0003 ※

Residence(rural)

3

397337

0. 04

69

2.86

1.20, 6.84

0.02 ※

Currently married

6

398710

<0.00001

96

1.14

0.50, 2.60

0.76※

Psychiatric or psychological factors

Mood disorder

4

1757

0.9

0

30.54

20.46, 45.58

<0.00001 ★

Stressful life events

Negative life event

3

1264

0.63

0

10.03

6.63, 15.19

<0.00001 ★

Seeking help for mood disorder

2

1215

1.00

0

5.41

3.36, 8.71

<0.00001 ★

Previous suicide attempt

2

1306

0.68

0

31.77

13.48, 74.91

<0.00001 ★

Suicide of relatives

2

1218

0.79

0

4.55

3.03, 6.85

<0.00001 ★

Pesticides stored at home

2

1543

0.60

0

1.92

1.55, 2.37

<0.00001 ※

Change of life

3

1231

0.86

0

3.79

2.56, 5.61

<0.00001

  1. *Special family included reconstituted family, single-parent family, or non-parent family.
  2. ★Pooled data by a fixed effect model.
  3. ※Pooled data by a random effect model.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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