From: The association between neighborhood greenness and cardiovascular disease: an observational study
Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | Model E | Model F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjustment | No adjustment | Sociodemographics | Sociodemographics | Sociodemographics | Sociodemographics | Sociodemographics |
Biological factors | Biological factors | Biological factors | Biological factors | |||
Behavioral factors | Behavioral factors | Behavioral factors | ||||
Air quality | Air quality | |||||
All greenness | ||||||
Self-reported medical diagnosis with coronary heart disease or stroke | ||||||
Sample size (N) | 11,374 | 9,216 | 7,216 | 5,903 | 5,903 | 5,903 |
Mean greenness (NDVI) in 1600 m service area | ||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Moderate | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.69, 1.00) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.02) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.02) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.02) |
High | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.22) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.15) |
Linear increase | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) |
Standard deviation (SD) of greenness (NDVI) in 1600 m service area | ||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Moderate | 0.84 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.71 (0.60, 0.83) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.84) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.93) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.93) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.94) |
High | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.97) | 0.83 (0.69, 0.99) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.02) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.03) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.03) |
Linear increase | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.02) |
Hospital admission with coronary heart disease or stroke | ||||||
Sample size (N) | 11,198 | 8,901 | 6,941 | 5,637 | 5,637 | 5,637 |
Mean greenness (NDVI) in 1600 m service area | ||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Moderate | 1.16 (0.90, 1.50) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.17) | 0.87 (0.64, 1.19) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.30) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.30) | 0.90 (0.63, 1.27) |
High | 1.11 (0.86, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.71, 1.28) | 0.82 (0.59, 1.13) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.24) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.60, 1.27) |
Linear increase | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) |
Standard deviation (SD) of greenness (NDVI) in 1600 m service area | ||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Moderate | 1.01 (0.79, 1.30) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.23) | 0.92 (0.68, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.22) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.20) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.21) |
High | 0.90 (0.69, 1.16) | 0.81 (0.60, 1.09) | 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) | 0.66 (0.45, 0.96) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92) |
Linear increase | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.05) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.02) | 0.82 (0.68, 1.00) | 0.82 (0.68, 1.00) |