Table 4 Multivariate Analysis of Socio-Demographic variables and stigma with Depression and Quality of Life
Variables | Stigma | Depression | Quality of Life | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
Age | |||||||||
< = 30 | 1.21 | 0.45–3.27 | 0.710 | ||||||
31–40 | 0.63 | 0.27–1.50 | 0.299 | ||||||
> = 41 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 0.82 | 0.45–1.50 | 0.526 | ||||||
Female | 1.00 | ||||||||
Education | |||||||||
Non- literate | 2.33 | 1.20–4.51 | 0.012 | 2.01 | 0.92–4.39 | 0.080 | |||
Primary/secondary | 2.25 | 1.21–4.20 | 0.011 | 1.33 | 0.60–2.95 | 0.477 | |||
High School & above | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Marital Status | |||||||||
Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Married | 1.34 | 0.66–2.74 | 0.417 | 5.79 | 1.81–18.54 | 0.003 | 0.72 | 0.33–1.59 | 0.419 |
Sep/Widowed/Divorce | 1.30 | 0.58–2.90 | 0.529 | 1.98 | 0.56–6.93 | 0.287 | 0.85 | 0.39–1.87 | 0.685 |
Occupation | |||||||||
Casual Labourer | 1.48 | 0.77–2.82 | 0.237 | 2.99 | 1.37–6.51 | 0.006 | |||
Agriculture | 1.99 | 0.82–4.84 | 0.125 | 1.36 | 0.47–3.95 | 0.572 | |||
Skilled and semiskilled | 1.57 | 0.79–3.18 | 0.207 | 1.52 | 0.64–3.66 | 0.344 | |||
Sex work | 0.74 | 0.27–2.01 | 0.555 | 2.66 | 0.88–8.03 | 0.083 | |||
Others | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Income | |||||||||
< = 2000 | 2.53 | 1.02–6.23 | 0.044 | ||||||
2000–3000 | 1.67 | 0.77–3.65 | 0.194 | ||||||
3001 + | 1.00 | ||||||||
Alcohol | |||||||||
Every day or 2-3 times in a week | 0.40 | 0.13–1.24 | 0.112 | ||||||
At least once in week | 0.74 | 0.28–1.93 | 0.535 | ||||||
Did not drink in the last 4 week | 0.51 | 0.24–1.06 | 0.072 | ||||||
Never | 1.00 | ||||||||
Access to Care: ART centers | |||||||||
Yes | 2.25 | 1.24–4.10 | 0.008 | 0.94 | 0.44–2.03 | 0.884 | 2.17 | 1.13–4.15 | 0.019 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Drop in Centers | |||||||||
Yes | 1.47 | 0.83–2.61 | 0.182 | 0.59 | 0.26–1.38 | 0.225 | 0.90 | 0.46–1.77 | 0.760 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Comprehensive continuum of HIV care | |||||||||
Yes | 0.81 | 0.44–1.48 | 0.495 | ||||||
No | 1.00 | ||||||||
Disclosure concerns | |||||||||
No/Moderate | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Severe | 0.59 | 0.26–1.35 | 0.212 | 1.49 | 0.80–2.75 | 0.207 | |||
Self-Stigma | |||||||||
No/Moderate | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Severe | 3.42 | 1.67–6.99 | 0.001 | 0.73 | 0.36–1.47 | 0.381 | |||
Negative stigma | |||||||||
No/Moderate | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Severe | 2.07 | 1.02–4.18 | 0.042 | 0.53 | 0.26–1.07 | 0.075 | |||
Public Attitude | |||||||||
No/Moderate | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Severe | 1.76 | 0.76–4.07 | 0.185 | 0.79 | 0.37–1.70 | 0.559 | |||
Depression | |||||||||
Severe | 2.73 | 1.11–6.71 | 0.028 | ||||||
Others | 1.00 | ||||||||
Member of any Association | |||||||||
Yes | 0.77 | 0.46–1.28 | 0.311 | 1.00 | 1.81 | 0.96–3.41 | 0.067 | ||
No | 1.00 | 4.10 | 1.90–9.10 | 0.001 | 1.00 | ||||
Social Support | |||||||||
Low | 1.92 | 0.94–3.90 | 0.071 | 1.81 | 0.73–4.49 | 0.199 | 12.12 | 4.30–34.11 | 0.001 |
Moderate | 1.77 | 0.85–3.71 | 0.127 | 0.78 | 0.28–2.20 | 0.645 | 3.30 | 1.13–9.63 | 0.029 |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||