Health inequalities in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study of the role of Type D (distressed) personality

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Weighted prevalences of the main variables

Characteristic	Region
	West-Brabant	's-Hertogenbosch
	(n = 7,764)	(n = 650)
	%	%
Sex
Male	50.5	50.3
Age
19-34 years	30.5	33.6
35-49 years	37.7	37.7
50-64 years	31.8	28.6
Type D personality (DS-14)
Negative affectivity (NA ≥ 10)	31.7	31.8
Social inhibition (SI ≥ 10)	40.5	34.5
Type D personality (NA ≥ 10 and SI ≥ 10)	20.4	19.1
Highest completed education
None or primary school	7.5	6.8
Lower general secondary or lower vocational school	35.2	30.7
Higher general secondary school, intermediate vocational school, or pre-university	33.4	28.1
Higher vocational (Bachelor) or university (Master)	23.9	34.3
Net monthly household income
≤ € 850	8.9	9.6
€851-€1,150	8.4	11.8
€1,150-€1,750	21.0	20.1
€1,751-€3,050	28.2	25.9
€3,051-€3,500	6.7	9.1
≥ €3,501	8.4	9.7
Doesn't want to tell	18.4	13.7
Tobacco smoking
Current	31.3	34.7
Former	31.5	28.0
Never	37.2	37.3
Alcohol consumption
Unsafe^a	12.1	12.2
Safe	66.1	66.2
Abstains	14.6	13.7
Yes, amount unknown	7.2	7.9
Body Mass Index
< 30 kg/m²	89.2	88.6
≥ 30 kg/m²	10.8	11.4
Self-assessed health
Excellent	6.8	8.2
Very good	20.7	22.7
Good	59.8	55.3
Fair	11.2	12.3
Poor	1.5	1.5
At least one chronic disease, diagnosed by physician^b
Yes	40.2	40.7
No	59.8	59.3
Diabetes
Yes, diagnosed by physician	3.4	3.4
No/not diagnosed by physician	96.6	96.6
Cardiovascular disease^c
Yes, diagnosed by physician	2.5	2.9
No/not diagnosed by physician	97.5	97.1
Psychological distress
None or low (K10 score 10-15)	-	66.5
Moderate (K10 score 16-29)	-	28.6
High (K10 score 30-50)	-	4.9

^a > 21 glasses of alcoholic beverages weekly for men; > 14 glasses of alcoholic beverages weekly for women
^b during the last 12 months, from among the following 18 chronic diseases: 1) diabetes; 2) stroke, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack; 3) myocardial infarction; 4) other severe heart disorder, such as heart failure or angina pectoris; 5) cancer; 6) migraine or regular severe headaches; 7) high blood pressure; 8) constriction of the blood vessels in stomach or legs (not varicose veins); 9) asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, or COPD; 10) severe or persistent intestinal disorders, for more than 3 months; 11) psoriasis; 12) chronic eczema; 13) incontinence; 14) severe or persistent back disorders (including slipped disc); 15) articular degeneration of hips or knees; 16) chronic arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, chronic rheumatism); 17) other severe or persistent disorder of neck or shoulder; 18) other severe or persistent disorder of elbow, wrist, or hand
^c based on three questions: (1) stroke, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) other severe heart disorder, such as heart failure of angina pectoris

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