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Table 4 Description of Main Variables of Interest

From: Development and validation of sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q) for use in adult population residing in Pakistan

Variables

Sunlight exposure groups

Total (n = 54)

Low (n = 19)

Moderate (n = 18)

High (n = 17)

Serum vitamin D (ng/ml) [Mean(SD)]

9.8 (4.7)

11.1 (4.6)

17.0 (6.5)

12.3 (5.9)

PS UV dosimeter (MED) [Median(IQR)]

0.5 (0.1–10.2)

0.8 (0.2–8.2)

3.6 (2.1–11.9)

1.2 (0.1–11.9)

ST SEM-Q*

Time (minutes) spent outdoors

69.5 (32.0)

83.5 (29.7)

329 (115.7)

95.6 (18.7–487.5)**

Adjusted time (minutes) ***

43.0 (22.5)

64.9 (21.8)

258 (114.7)

76.3 (12.0–463.8)**

LT SEM-Q

Time (minutes) outdoors in summer [Mean(SD)]

54.5 (30.0)

81(62.7)

331.2 (63.8)

150 (134.9)

Mean (SD) time outdoors in winters

59.7 (32.5)

89.4 (65.0)

310 (85.0)

148 (127.6)

  1. SD=Standard deviation; MED=Minimal erythemal dose; IQR=Inter quartile range;
  2. * Significantly different on Kruskal Wallis test (P <0.001); ** Medians (IQR) reported; *** adjusted for weather outdoors, seeking shade & travel in vehicle.